Abstract
Background: Individuals with α1-antitrypsin deficiency have increased elastase activity resulting in continuous degradation of elastin and early onset of COPD. Increased elastase activity may also affect elastic properties of the heart, which may impact risk of heart failure. We tested the hypothesis that α1-antitrypsin deficiency is associated with increased risk of heart failure in two large populations.
Methods: In a nationwide nested study of 2209 patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and 21 869 controls without α1-antitrypsin deficiency matched on age, sex and municipality, we recorded admissions and deaths due to heart failure during a median follow-up of 62 years. We also studied a population-based cohort of another 102 481 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study including 187 patients from the Danish α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Registry, all with genetically confirmed α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Results: Individuals with versus without α1-antitrypsin deficiency had increased risk of heart failure hospitalisation in the nationwide cohort (adjusted hazard ratio 2.64, 95% CI 2.25–3.10) and in the population-based cohort (1.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.74). Nationwide, these hazard ratios were highest in those without myocardial infarction (3.24, 95% CI 2.70–3.90), without aortic valve stenosis (2.80, 95% CI 2.38–3.29), without hypertension (3.44, 95% CI 2.81–4.22), without atrial fibrillation (3.33, 95% CI 2.75–4.04) and without any of these four diseases (6.00, 95% CI 4.60–7.82). Hazard ratios for heart failure-specific mortality in individuals with versus without α1-antitrypsin deficiency were 2.28 (95% CI 1.57–3.32) in the nationwide cohort and 3.35 (95% CI 1.04–10.74) in the population-based cohort.
Conclusion: Individuals with α1-antitrypsin deficiency have increased risk of heart failure hospitalisation and heart failure-specific mortality in the Danish population.
Methods: In a nationwide nested study of 2209 patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and 21 869 controls without α1-antitrypsin deficiency matched on age, sex and municipality, we recorded admissions and deaths due to heart failure during a median follow-up of 62 years. We also studied a population-based cohort of another 102 481 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study including 187 patients from the Danish α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Registry, all with genetically confirmed α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Results: Individuals with versus without α1-antitrypsin deficiency had increased risk of heart failure hospitalisation in the nationwide cohort (adjusted hazard ratio 2.64, 95% CI 2.25–3.10) and in the population-based cohort (1.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.74). Nationwide, these hazard ratios were highest in those without myocardial infarction (3.24, 95% CI 2.70–3.90), without aortic valve stenosis (2.80, 95% CI 2.38–3.29), without hypertension (3.44, 95% CI 2.81–4.22), without atrial fibrillation (3.33, 95% CI 2.75–4.04) and without any of these four diseases (6.00, 95% CI 4.60–7.82). Hazard ratios for heart failure-specific mortality in individuals with versus without α1-antitrypsin deficiency were 2.28 (95% CI 1.57–3.32) in the nationwide cohort and 3.35 (95% CI 1.04–10.74) in the population-based cohort.
Conclusion: Individuals with α1-antitrypsin deficiency have increased risk of heart failure hospitalisation and heart failure-specific mortality in the Danish population.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
---|---|
Artikelnummer | 00319-2023 |
Tidsskrift | ERJ Open Research |
Vol/bind | 9 |
Udgave nummer | 5 |
Antal sider | 10 |
ISSN | 2312-0541 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:Support statement: This study was supported by the Alpha-1 Foundation, Coral Gables, FL, USA (grant number 612336); Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark (NNF19OC0058811); and Region Zealand Research Foundation, Sorø, Denmark (R19A341B233). The sponsors did not participate in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis or interpretation of the data; or in preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry.
Publisher Copyright:
© The authors 2023.