Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study

Gerda Ferja Heldarskard; Anne Lærke Spangmose; Anna-Karina Aaris Henningsen; Rikke Wiingreen; Erik Lykke Mortensen; Tina Wullum Gundersen; Rikke Beck Jensen; Sine Knorr; Peter Damm; Julie Lyng Forman; Anja Pinborg; Tine Dalsgaard Clausen

doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab451

Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study

Gerda Ferja Heldarskard, Anne Lærke Spangmose, Anna-Karina Aaris Henningsen, Rikke Wiingreen, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Tina Wullum Gundersen, Rikke Beck Jensen, Sine Knorr, Peter Damm, Julie Lyng Forman, Anja Pinborg, Tine Dalsgaard Clausen

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

7 Citationer (Scopus)

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Abstract

CONTEXT: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and intrauterine hyperglycemia is suspected to affect offspring cognitive function.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed academic performance by grade point average (GPA) in children aged 15-16 years at compulsory school graduation, comparing offspring exposed to GDM (O-GDM) with offspring from the background population (O-BP).

DESIGN: Cohort study.

SETTING: Register-based.

PARTICIPANTS: All singletons born in Denmark between 1994 and 2001 (O-GDM: n=4,286; O-BP: n=501,045). Standardized and internationally comparable GPAs were compared in univariate- and multivariate linear models.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted mean difference in GPA. We additionally analyzed the probability of having a high GPA, a GPA below passing, and no GPA registered.

RESULTS: O-GDM had a GPA of 6.29 (SD 2.52), while O-BP had a GPA of 6.78 (SD 2.50). The adjusted mean difference was -0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.44; -0.29], corresponding to a Cohens D of 0.14. O-GDM had a lower probability of obtaining a high GPA (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.68 [95 CI 0.59; 0.79]), while their risk of obtaining a GPA below passing was similar to O-BP (aOR 1.20 [95 CI 0.96; 1.50]). O-GDM had a higher risk of not having a GPA registered (aOR of 1.38 [95% CI 1.24; 1.53]).

CONCLUSION: Academic performance in O-GDM was marginally lower than in O-BP. However, this difference is unlikely to be of clinical importance.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Vol/bind	106
Udgave nummer	11
Sider (fra-til)	e4554–e4564
Antal sider	11
ISSN	0021-972X
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab451
Status	Udgivet - 2021

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Heldarskard, G. F., Spangmose, A. L., Henningsen, A.-K. A., Wiingreen, R., Mortensen, E. L., Gundersen, T. W., Jensen, R. B., Knorr, S., Damm, P., Forman, J. L., Pinborg, A., & Clausen, T. D. (2021). Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 106(11), e4554–e4564. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab451

Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study. / Heldarskard, Gerda Ferja; Spangmose, Anne Lærke; Henningsen, Anna-Karina Aaris et al.
I: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Bind 106, Nr. 11, 2021, s. e4554–e4564.

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

Heldarskard, GF, Spangmose, AL, Henningsen, A-KA, Wiingreen, R, Mortensen, EL, Gundersen, TW, Jensen, RB, Knorr, S, Damm, P , Forman, JL , Pinborg, A & Clausen, TD 2021, 'Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study', The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, bind 106, nr. 11, s. e4554–e4564. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab451

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title = "Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study",

abstract = "CONTEXT: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and intrauterine hyperglycemia is suspected to affect offspring cognitive function.OBJECTIVE: We assessed academic performance by grade point average (GPA) in children aged 15-16 years at compulsory school graduation, comparing offspring exposed to GDM (O-GDM) with offspring from the background population (O-BP).DESIGN: Cohort study.SETTING: Register-based.PARTICIPANTS: All singletons born in Denmark between 1994 and 2001 (O-GDM: n=4,286; O-BP: n=501,045). Standardized and internationally comparable GPAs were compared in univariate- and multivariate linear models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted mean difference in GPA. We additionally analyzed the probability of having a high GPA, a GPA below passing, and no GPA registered.RESULTS: O-GDM had a GPA of 6.29 (SD 2.52), while O-BP had a GPA of 6.78 (SD 2.50). The adjusted mean difference was -0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.44; -0.29], corresponding to a Cohens D of 0.14. O-GDM had a lower probability of obtaining a high GPA (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.68 [95 CI 0.59; 0.79]), while their risk of obtaining a GPA below passing was similar to O-BP (aOR 1.20 [95 CI 0.96; 1.50]). O-GDM had a higher risk of not having a GPA registered (aOR of 1.38 [95% CI 1.24; 1.53]).CONCLUSION: Academic performance in O-GDM was marginally lower than in O-BP. However, this difference is unlikely to be of clinical importance.",

author = "Heldarskard, {Gerda Ferja} and Spangmose, {Anne L{\ae}rke} and Henningsen, {Anna-Karina Aaris} and Rikke Wiingreen and Mortensen, {Erik Lykke} and Gundersen, {Tina Wullum} and Jensen, {Rikke Beck} and Sine Knorr and Peter Damm and Forman, {Julie Lyng} and Anja Pinborg and Clausen, {Tine Dalsgaard}",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1210/clinem/dgab451",

language = "English",

volume = "106",

pages = "e4554–e4564",

journal = "The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study

AU - Heldarskard, Gerda Ferja

AU - Spangmose, Anne Lærke

AU - Henningsen, Anna-Karina Aaris

AU - Wiingreen, Rikke

AU - Mortensen, Erik Lykke

AU - Gundersen, Tina Wullum

AU - Jensen, Rikke Beck

AU - Knorr, Sine

AU - Damm, Peter

AU - Forman, Julie Lyng

AU - Pinborg, Anja

AU - Clausen, Tine Dalsgaard

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - CONTEXT: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and intrauterine hyperglycemia is suspected to affect offspring cognitive function.OBJECTIVE: We assessed academic performance by grade point average (GPA) in children aged 15-16 years at compulsory school graduation, comparing offspring exposed to GDM (O-GDM) with offspring from the background population (O-BP).DESIGN: Cohort study.SETTING: Register-based.PARTICIPANTS: All singletons born in Denmark between 1994 and 2001 (O-GDM: n=4,286; O-BP: n=501,045). Standardized and internationally comparable GPAs were compared in univariate- and multivariate linear models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted mean difference in GPA. We additionally analyzed the probability of having a high GPA, a GPA below passing, and no GPA registered.RESULTS: O-GDM had a GPA of 6.29 (SD 2.52), while O-BP had a GPA of 6.78 (SD 2.50). The adjusted mean difference was -0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.44; -0.29], corresponding to a Cohens D of 0.14. O-GDM had a lower probability of obtaining a high GPA (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.68 [95 CI 0.59; 0.79]), while their risk of obtaining a GPA below passing was similar to O-BP (aOR 1.20 [95 CI 0.96; 1.50]). O-GDM had a higher risk of not having a GPA registered (aOR of 1.38 [95% CI 1.24; 1.53]).CONCLUSION: Academic performance in O-GDM was marginally lower than in O-BP. However, this difference is unlikely to be of clinical importance.

AB - CONTEXT: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and intrauterine hyperglycemia is suspected to affect offspring cognitive function.OBJECTIVE: We assessed academic performance by grade point average (GPA) in children aged 15-16 years at compulsory school graduation, comparing offspring exposed to GDM (O-GDM) with offspring from the background population (O-BP).DESIGN: Cohort study.SETTING: Register-based.PARTICIPANTS: All singletons born in Denmark between 1994 and 2001 (O-GDM: n=4,286; O-BP: n=501,045). Standardized and internationally comparable GPAs were compared in univariate- and multivariate linear models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted mean difference in GPA. We additionally analyzed the probability of having a high GPA, a GPA below passing, and no GPA registered.RESULTS: O-GDM had a GPA of 6.29 (SD 2.52), while O-BP had a GPA of 6.78 (SD 2.50). The adjusted mean difference was -0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.44; -0.29], corresponding to a Cohens D of 0.14. O-GDM had a lower probability of obtaining a high GPA (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.68 [95 CI 0.59; 0.79]), while their risk of obtaining a GPA below passing was similar to O-BP (aOR 1.20 [95 CI 0.96; 1.50]). O-GDM had a higher risk of not having a GPA registered (aOR of 1.38 [95% CI 1.24; 1.53]).CONCLUSION: Academic performance in O-GDM was marginally lower than in O-BP. However, this difference is unlikely to be of clinical importance.

U2 - 10.1210/clinem/dgab451

DO - 10.1210/clinem/dgab451

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34156463

SN - 0021-972X

VL - 106

SP - e4554–e4564

JO - The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

JF - The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

IS - 11

ER -