TY - JOUR
T1 - Antibiotic resistome in the livestock and aquaculture industries
T2 - Status and solutions
AU - Zhao, Yi
AU - Yang, Qiu E.
AU - Zhou, Xue
AU - Wang, Feng-Hua
AU - Muurinen, Johanna
AU - Virta, Marko P.
AU - Brandt, Kristian Koefoed
AU - Zhu, Yong-Guan
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Since the introduction of antibiotics into clinical practices in the 1940s, antibiotics have become an integral part of animal production to meet the increasing human demand for animal-derived foods. As a result, industrial-scale animal production has emerged as a hotspot for the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), thereby potentially contributing to a looming public health crisis. The knowledge of ARGs in livestock systems has been greatly expanded with the recent development of rapid molecular tools. However, comprehensive reviews on ARGs in the animal industry and possible mitigation solutions are still lacking from a One Health perspective. Here we provide this review focusing on human health risks associated with the antimicrobial (antibiotic and metal) usages, ARGs in livestock animals and aquaculture systems in a One Health perspective to untangle the complexities of ARGs across animals, environments and humans. Specifically, this review covers (1) antimicrobials usages in the animal industry, (2) ARGs in animals affected by selective agents, (3) animal-to-human direct/indirect ARG transmission pathways, and (4) mitigation approaches. We highlighted the burden of using antimicrobials in animals for public and environmental health, and also the urgent needs for mitigating the spread of antibiotic resistance from the livestock and aquaculture industries.
AB - Since the introduction of antibiotics into clinical practices in the 1940s, antibiotics have become an integral part of animal production to meet the increasing human demand for animal-derived foods. As a result, industrial-scale animal production has emerged as a hotspot for the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), thereby potentially contributing to a looming public health crisis. The knowledge of ARGs in livestock systems has been greatly expanded with the recent development of rapid molecular tools. However, comprehensive reviews on ARGs in the animal industry and possible mitigation solutions are still lacking from a One Health perspective. Here we provide this review focusing on human health risks associated with the antimicrobial (antibiotic and metal) usages, ARGs in livestock animals and aquaculture systems in a One Health perspective to untangle the complexities of ARGs across animals, environments and humans. Specifically, this review covers (1) antimicrobials usages in the animal industry, (2) ARGs in animals affected by selective agents, (3) animal-to-human direct/indirect ARG transmission pathways, and (4) mitigation approaches. We highlighted the burden of using antimicrobials in animals for public and environmental health, and also the urgent needs for mitigating the spread of antibiotic resistance from the livestock and aquaculture industries.
KW - Antibiotic
KW - antibiotic resistance
KW - antibiotic resistance genes
KW - HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER
KW - HUMAN HEALTH-RISK
KW - RESISTANCE GENES
KW - ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
KW - WASTE-WATER
KW - ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION
KW - BACTERIAL COMMUNITY
KW - STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS
KW - MICROBIAL COMMUNITY
KW - AGRICULTURAL SOILS
U2 - 10.1080/10643389.2020.1777815
DO - 10.1080/10643389.2020.1777815
M3 - Review
VL - 51
SP - 2159
EP - 2196
JO - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
SN - 1064-3389
IS - 19
ER -