Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat affecting treatment outcome in animals and humans. A pre-requisite for development of AMR reduction strategies is knowledge of antimicrobial use patterns, and how these affect resistance development. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial usage (AMU) and whether such usage was associated with AMR in Salmonella from poultry farms in Northwest Nigeria. Results: Fifteen (37%) of antimicrobial products observed contained compounds that are of highest priority and critically important for human medicine. Broilers chicken consumed higher (28 ± 14 mg/kg active ingredients) amounts of antimicrobials compared to layers (13 ± 8 mg/kg) per week (p = 0.0009). Surprisingly, chickens raised under backyard system consumed higher amounts of antimicrobials (34 ± 7 mg/kg) than poultry in other systems (p = 0.02). High levels of resistance to tetracycline (58%), sulphonamides (65%), ciprofloxacin (46%) and gentamicin (42%) correlated with high farm level usage of these antimicrobials, and there was a strong correlation (r = 0.9) between farm usage and resistance of isolates to the same antimicrobials (p = 0.03). Conclusion: High AMU, including use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials was observed at poultry farms in Northwest Nigeria. AMU correlated with high levels of resistance. Communication of prudent use of antimicrobials to farmers and regulation to obtain reduction in AMU should be a priority.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Artikelnummer | 234 |
Tidsskrift | BMC Veterinary Research |
Vol/bind | 17 |
ISSN | 1746-6148 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2021 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:An African Research Leader Award to INO from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Department supports INO for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement that is also part of the European Union EDCTP2 programme. The funder had no role in the implementation of the study.
Funding Information:
We are most grateful to all managers and consulting farm veterinarians that assisted in recording antimicrobial usage in data sheets, as well as to staff affiliated to the Central Research Laboratory of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. We also acknowledge the effort of Mallam AbdulMalik Shuaibu for his technical assistance and to Dr. AbdulGaniyu Yusuf, Dr. Abubakar Umar Bunza and Mallam Faruk Umar for their support during data collection in the field.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).