Abstract
Background and aims
Substance-induced psychosis has previously been linked to an excess risk of suicide; however, the association between substance-induced psychosis and suicide attempt has hitherto not been investigated. We investigated whether substance-induced psychosis was associated with a higher risk of subsequent suicide attempt.
Design
Nation-wide prospective register-based cohort study.
Setting
Denmark.
Participants
All people living in Denmark aged 13 years or more during 1995 to 2017.
Measurements
Substance-induced psychosis and suicide attempts were identified through hospital records as ICD-10 codes.
Findings
A total of 8900 (78.8% males) individuals were diagnosed with a substance-induced psychosis, and 740 of these had a suicide attempt during follow-up. People with a substance-induced psychosis had a higher risk of a subsequent suicide attempt [hazard ratio (HR) = 13.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.4–14.4] when compared with the general population. The highest hazard ratios were found for psychosis induced by opioids (HR = 26.4, 95% CI = 18.2–38.2); alcohol (HR = 17.7, 95% CI = 15.2–20.6); sedatives (HR = 17.2, 95% CI = 8.9–33.0); and cocaine (HR = 15.6, 95% CI = 10.7–22.8), while cannabis-induced psychosis was linked to an HR of 8.9 (95% CI = 7.7–10.3). Approximately 15% of patients with substance-induced psychosis had had a suicide attempt within 20 years of their substance-induced psychosis diagnosis.
Conclusions
In Denmark, substance-induced psychosis appears to be strongly associated with subsequent suicide attempt, underscoring the importance of attention and better follow-up for this patient group.
Substance-induced psychosis has previously been linked to an excess risk of suicide; however, the association between substance-induced psychosis and suicide attempt has hitherto not been investigated. We investigated whether substance-induced psychosis was associated with a higher risk of subsequent suicide attempt.
Design
Nation-wide prospective register-based cohort study.
Setting
Denmark.
Participants
All people living in Denmark aged 13 years or more during 1995 to 2017.
Measurements
Substance-induced psychosis and suicide attempts were identified through hospital records as ICD-10 codes.
Findings
A total of 8900 (78.8% males) individuals were diagnosed with a substance-induced psychosis, and 740 of these had a suicide attempt during follow-up. People with a substance-induced psychosis had a higher risk of a subsequent suicide attempt [hazard ratio (HR) = 13.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.4–14.4] when compared with the general population. The highest hazard ratios were found for psychosis induced by opioids (HR = 26.4, 95% CI = 18.2–38.2); alcohol (HR = 17.7, 95% CI = 15.2–20.6); sedatives (HR = 17.2, 95% CI = 8.9–33.0); and cocaine (HR = 15.6, 95% CI = 10.7–22.8), while cannabis-induced psychosis was linked to an HR of 8.9 (95% CI = 7.7–10.3). Approximately 15% of patients with substance-induced psychosis had had a suicide attempt within 20 years of their substance-induced psychosis diagnosis.
Conclusions
In Denmark, substance-induced psychosis appears to be strongly associated with subsequent suicide attempt, underscoring the importance of attention and better follow-up for this patient group.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Addiction |
| Vol/bind | 118 |
| Udgave nummer | 12 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 2440-2448 |
| Antal sider | 9 |
| ISSN | 0965-2140 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.