Abstract
Objective Health effects of different physical activity domains (ie, during leisure time, work and transport) are generally considered positive. Using Active Worker consortium data, we assessed independent associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity (OPA and LTPA) with all-cause mortality.
Design Two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.
Data source Published and unpublished cohort study data.
Eligibility criteria Working participants aged 18–65 years.
Methods After data harmonisation, we assessed associations of OPA and LTPA with all-cause mortality. In stage 1, we analysed data from each study separately using Cox survival regression, and in stage 2, we pooled individual study findings with random-effects modelling.
Results In 22 studies with up to 590 497 participants from 11 countries, during a mean follow-up of 23.1 (SD: 6.8) years, 99 743 (16%) participants died. Adjusted for LTPA, body mass index, age, smoking and education level, summary (ie, stage 2) hazard ration (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for low, moderate and high OPA among men (n=2 96 134) were 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03), 1.05 (1.01 to 1.10) and 1.12 (1.03 to 1.23), respectively. For women (n=2 94 364), HRs (95% CI) were 0.98 (0.92 to 1.04), 0.96 (0.92 to 1.00) and 0.97 (0.86 to 1.10), respectively. In contrast, higher levels of LTPA were inversely associated with mortality for both genders. For example, for women HR for low, moderate and high compared with sedentary LTPA were 0.85 (0.81 to 0.89), 0.78 (0.74 to 0.81) and 0.75 (0.65 to 0.88), respectively. Effects were attenuated when adjusting for income (although data on income were available from only 9 and 6 studies, for men and women, respectively).
Conclusion Our findings indicate that OPA may not result in the same beneficial health effects as LTPA.
Design Two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.
Data source Published and unpublished cohort study data.
Eligibility criteria Working participants aged 18–65 years.
Methods After data harmonisation, we assessed associations of OPA and LTPA with all-cause mortality. In stage 1, we analysed data from each study separately using Cox survival regression, and in stage 2, we pooled individual study findings with random-effects modelling.
Results In 22 studies with up to 590 497 participants from 11 countries, during a mean follow-up of 23.1 (SD: 6.8) years, 99 743 (16%) participants died. Adjusted for LTPA, body mass index, age, smoking and education level, summary (ie, stage 2) hazard ration (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for low, moderate and high OPA among men (n=2 96 134) were 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03), 1.05 (1.01 to 1.10) and 1.12 (1.03 to 1.23), respectively. For women (n=2 94 364), HRs (95% CI) were 0.98 (0.92 to 1.04), 0.96 (0.92 to 1.00) and 0.97 (0.86 to 1.10), respectively. In contrast, higher levels of LTPA were inversely associated with mortality for both genders. For example, for women HR for low, moderate and high compared with sedentary LTPA were 0.85 (0.81 to 0.89), 0.78 (0.74 to 0.81) and 0.75 (0.65 to 0.88), respectively. Effects were attenuated when adjusting for income (although data on income were available from only 9 and 6 studies, for men and women, respectively).
Conclusion Our findings indicate that OPA may not result in the same beneficial health effects as LTPA.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | British Journal of Sports Medicine |
| Vol/bind | 58 |
| Udgave nummer | 24 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 1527-1538 |
| Antal sider | 12 |
| ISSN | 0306-3674 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2024 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:Data and/or sample material have been provided by the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) from the Community Medicine Research Alliance of the University Medicine Greifswald. Data of the CARLA Study have been provided by the Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (Germany). The Tr\u00F8ndelag Health Study (HUNT) is a collaboration between HUNT Research Centre (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU), Tr\u00F8ndelag County Council, Central Norway Regional Health Authority, and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and also by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The EPIC cohort is supported by: Health Research Fund (FIS)\u2014Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andaluc\u00EDa, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology\u2014ICO (Spain).
Funding Information:
The Active Worker study was funded by The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; ZonMw (grant number: 531-00141-3). Funding for the SHIP study has been provided by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF; identification codes 01 ZZ96030, 1 ZZ0103, 01 ZZ0701). The CARLA study was founded by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Collaborative Research Centre 598 \u2018Heart failure in the elderly\u2014cellular mechanisms and therapy\u2019, by an additional single funding grant from the DFG, by three grants of the Wilhelm-Roux-Programme of the Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg (FKZ 14/41, 16/19 and 28/21), by the Federal Employment Office, by the Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs of Saxony-Anhalt (MK-CARLA-MLU-2011) and by the Ministry of Economics, Science and Digitization of Saxony-Anhalt via the EU European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), 'Autonomy in Old Age', BIOSALSA. The Primary Prevention study received support from the Swedish Research Council [2018-02527, 2019-00193]. The MONICA/KORA Augsburg study was initiated and financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00FCnchen\u2014German Research Center for Environmental Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and by the State of Bavaria. None of the above funding sources played a role in the development of the study protocol nor in the reporting of the study findings.
Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.