Cardiovascular and non-renal complications of chronic kidney disease: Managing risk

Peter Rossing*, Tine Willum Hansen, Thomas Kümler

*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftTidsskriftartikelForskningpeer review

1 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) currently affects approximately 850 million people globally and is continuing to increase in prevalence as well as in importance as a cause of death. The excess mortality related to CKD is mostly caused by an increase in cardiovascular disease. This includes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as many promoters of atherosclerosis, such as blood pressure, lipid levels and hypercoagulation, are increased in people with CKD. Diabetes is a leading cause of CKD contributing to the risk of CVD, and obesity is also increasingly prevalent. Management of these risk factors is therefore very important in CKD, and to reduce risk of CKD progression. Heart failure is also more prevalent in CKD and, again, many risk factors are shared. The concept of foundational pillars in the management of heart failure has been adapted to the treatment of CKD, with many organ-protective interventions, such renin-angiotensin system blockade, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism, reducing the risk for mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but also for progression of CKD. Atrial fibrillation is also more common with CKD and affects the management of the former. In this review these non-renal complications of CKD are discussed, along with how the risk of these complications should be managed. Many new opportunities have demonstrated heart and kidney organ protection, but implementation is a challenge.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftDiabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Vol/bind26
Udgave nummerS6
Sider (fra-til)13-21
Antal sider9
ISSN1462-8902
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2024

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This Review was commissioned by the Editor as part of a Themed Issue made possible by funding from Bayer. Sponsor identity was not disclosed to authors prior to publication.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s). Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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