Abstract
How are rain forest photosynthesis and turbulent fluxes influenced by clouds? To what extent are clouds affected by local processes driven by rain forest energy, water, and carbon fluxes? These interrelated questions were the main drivers of the intensive field experiment CloudRoots-Amazon22 which took place at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)/Campina supersites in the Amazon rain forest during the dry season, in August 2022. CloudRoots-Amazon22 collected observational data to derive cause–effect relationships between processes occurring at the leaf level up to canopy scales in relation to the diurnal evolution of the clear-to-cloudy transition. First, we studied the impact of cloud and canopy radiation perturbations on the subdiurnal variability of stomatal conductance. Stoma opening is larger in the morning, modulated by the cloud optical thickness. Second, we combined 1-Hz frequency measurements of the stable isotopologues of carbon dioxide and water vapor with measurements of turbulence to determine carbon dioxide and water vapor sources and sinks within the canopy. Using scintillometer observations, we inferred 1-min sensible heat flux that responded within minutes to the cloud passages. Third, collocated profiles of state variables and greenhouse gases enabled us to determine the role of clouds in vertical transport. We then inferred, using canopy and upper-atmospheric observations and a parameterization, the cloud cover and cloud mass flux to establish causality between canopy and cloud processes. This shows the need for a comprehensive observational set to improve weather and climate model representations. Our findings contribute to advance our knowledge of the coupling between cloudy boundary layers and primary carbon productivity of the Amazon rain forest.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
| Vol/bind | 105 |
| Udgave nummer | 7 |
| Sider (fra-til) | E1275-E1302 |
| Antal sider | 28 |
| ISSN | 0003-0007 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2024 |
| Udgivet eksternt | Ja |
Bibliografisk note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024 American Meteorological Society.
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CloudRoots-Amazon22 : Integrating Clouds with Photosynthesis by Crossing Scales. / de Arellano, J. Vilà-Guerau; Hartogensis, O. K.; de Boer, H.; Moonen, R.; González-Armas, R.; Janssens, M.; Adnew, G. A.; Bonell-Fontás, D. J.; Botía, S.; Jones, S. P.; van Asperen, H.; Komiya, S.; de Feiter, V. S.; Rikkers, D.; de Haas, S.; Machado, L. A.T.; Dias-Junior, C. Q.; Giovanelli-Haytzmann, G.; Valenti, W. I.D.; Figueiredo, R. C.; Farias, C. S.; Hall, D. H.; Mendonça, A. C.S.; da Silva, F. A.G.; Silva, J. L.Marton da; Souza, R.; Martins, G.; Miller, J. N.; Mol, W. B.; Heusinkveld, B.; van Heerwaarden, C. C.; D’Oliveira, F. A.F.; Ferreira, R. Rodrigues; Gotuzzo, R. Acosta; Pugliese, G.; Williams, J.; Ringsdorf, A.; Edtbauer, A.; Quesada, C. A.; Portela, B. Takeshi Tanaka; Alves, E. Gomes; Pöhlker, C.; Trumbore, S.; Lelieveld, J.; Röckmann, T.
I: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Bind 105, Nr. 7, 2024, s. E1275-E1302.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - CloudRoots-Amazon22
T2 - Integrating Clouds with Photosynthesis by Crossing Scales
AU - de Arellano, J. Vilà-Guerau
AU - Hartogensis, O. K.
AU - de Boer, H.
AU - Moonen, R.
AU - González-Armas, R.
AU - Janssens, M.
AU - Adnew, G. A.
AU - Bonell-Fontás, D. J.
AU - Botía, S.
AU - Jones, S. P.
AU - van Asperen, H.
AU - Komiya, S.
AU - de Feiter, V. S.
AU - Rikkers, D.
AU - de Haas, S.
AU - Machado, L. A.T.
AU - Dias-Junior, C. Q.
AU - Giovanelli-Haytzmann, G.
AU - Valenti, W. I.D.
AU - Figueiredo, R. C.
AU - Farias, C. S.
AU - Hall, D. H.
AU - Mendonça, A. C.S.
AU - da Silva, F. A.G.
AU - Silva, J. L.Marton da
AU - Souza, R.
AU - Martins, G.
AU - Miller, J. N.
AU - Mol, W. B.
AU - Heusinkveld, B.
AU - van Heerwaarden, C. C.
AU - D’Oliveira, F. A.F.
AU - Ferreira, R. Rodrigues
AU - Gotuzzo, R. Acosta
AU - Pugliese, G.
AU - Williams, J.
AU - Ringsdorf, A.
AU - Edtbauer, A.
AU - Quesada, C. A.
AU - Portela, B. Takeshi Tanaka
AU - Alves, E. Gomes
AU - Pöhlker, C.
AU - Trumbore, S.
AU - Lelieveld, J.
AU - Röckmann, T.
N1 - Funding Information: The CloudRoots-Amazon22 project is funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO under the project CloudRoots\u2013Clouds rooted in a heterogeneous biosphere (https://cloudroots. wur.nl/) (Dutch Research Council NWO OCENW.KLEIN.407). The research of S. J., S. K., H. v. A., S. T., and C. P. has been funded by the Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF Contracts 01LB1001A, 01LK1602B, and 01LK2101B), the Brazilian Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o (MCTI/FINEP Contract 01.11.01248.00), the Max Planck Society, the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq, Brazil) (Process 200723/2015-4), the FAPESP (Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo) (Grant 2017/17047-0), the CNPq project (Grant 169842/2017-7), and the CAPES project (Grant 88887.368025/2019-00). For the operation of the ATTO site, we acknowledge the support by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00F4nia (INPA), the Amazon State University (UEA), the Large-Scale Biosphere\u2013Atmosphere Experiment (LBA), FAPEAM, the Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00E1vel do Uatum\u00E3 (SDS/CEUC/RDS-Uatum\u00E3), and the Max Planck Society as well as all the people involved in the technical, logistic, and scientific support of the ATTO project. The radiation instruments are funded via NWO Grant 184.034.015. We would also like to thank you for the logistic support at the ATTO site, in particular Amaury Rodrigues, Antonio Huxley Melo do Nascimento, Sipko Bulthuis, and Valmir Ferreira de Lima. Last but not least, we thank the reviews by the two referees for of their many insightful comments and suggestions. Prof. David Fitzjarrald\u2019s evaluation enabled us to properly connect and reference earlier studies connected to our study. Funding Information: Acknowledgments. The CloudRoots-Amazon22 project is funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO under the project CloudRoots\u2013Clouds rooted in a heterogeneous biosphere (https://cloudroots. wur.nl/) (Dutch Research Council NWO OCENW.KLEIN.407). The research of S. J., S. K., H. v. A., S. T., and C. P. has been funded by the Bundesministerium f\u00FCr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF Contracts 01LB1001A, 01LK1602B, and 01LK2101B), the Brazilian Minist\u00E9rio da Ci\u00EAncia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00E7\u00E3o (MCTI/FINEP Contract 01.11.01248.00), the Max Planck Society, the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00EDfico e Tecnol\u00F3gico (CNPq, Brazil) (Process 200723/2015-4), the FAPESP (Funda\u00E7\u00E3o de Amparo \u00E0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00E3o Paulo) (Grant 2017/17047-0), the CNPq project (Grant 169842/2017-7), and the CAPES project (Grant 88887.368025/2019-00). For the operation of the ATTO site, we acknowledge the support by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00F4nia (INPA), the Amazon State University (UEA), the Large-Scale Biosphere\u2013Atmosphere Experiment (LBA), FAPEAM, the Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00E1vel do Uatum\u00E3 (SDS/CEUC/RDS-Uatum\u00E3), and the Max Planck Society as well as all the people involved in the technical, logistic, and scientific support of the ATTO project. The radiation instruments are funded via NWO Grant 184.034.015. We would also like to thank you for the logistic support at the ATTO site, in particular Amaury Rodrigues, Antonio Huxley Melo do Nascimento, Sipko Bulthuis, and Valmir Ferreira de Lima. Last but not least, we thank the reviews by the two referees for of their many insightful comments and suggestions. Prof. David Fitzjarrald\u2019s evaluation enabled us to properly connect and reference earlier studies connected to our study. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 American Meteorological Society.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - How are rain forest photosynthesis and turbulent fluxes influenced by clouds? To what extent are clouds affected by local processes driven by rain forest energy, water, and carbon fluxes? These interrelated questions were the main drivers of the intensive field experiment CloudRoots-Amazon22 which took place at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)/Campina supersites in the Amazon rain forest during the dry season, in August 2022. CloudRoots-Amazon22 collected observational data to derive cause–effect relationships between processes occurring at the leaf level up to canopy scales in relation to the diurnal evolution of the clear-to-cloudy transition. First, we studied the impact of cloud and canopy radiation perturbations on the subdiurnal variability of stomatal conductance. Stoma opening is larger in the morning, modulated by the cloud optical thickness. Second, we combined 1-Hz frequency measurements of the stable isotopologues of carbon dioxide and water vapor with measurements of turbulence to determine carbon dioxide and water vapor sources and sinks within the canopy. Using scintillometer observations, we inferred 1-min sensible heat flux that responded within minutes to the cloud passages. Third, collocated profiles of state variables and greenhouse gases enabled us to determine the role of clouds in vertical transport. We then inferred, using canopy and upper-atmospheric observations and a parameterization, the cloud cover and cloud mass flux to establish causality between canopy and cloud processes. This shows the need for a comprehensive observational set to improve weather and climate model representations. Our findings contribute to advance our knowledge of the coupling between cloudy boundary layers and primary carbon productivity of the Amazon rain forest.
AB - How are rain forest photosynthesis and turbulent fluxes influenced by clouds? To what extent are clouds affected by local processes driven by rain forest energy, water, and carbon fluxes? These interrelated questions were the main drivers of the intensive field experiment CloudRoots-Amazon22 which took place at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)/Campina supersites in the Amazon rain forest during the dry season, in August 2022. CloudRoots-Amazon22 collected observational data to derive cause–effect relationships between processes occurring at the leaf level up to canopy scales in relation to the diurnal evolution of the clear-to-cloudy transition. First, we studied the impact of cloud and canopy radiation perturbations on the subdiurnal variability of stomatal conductance. Stoma opening is larger in the morning, modulated by the cloud optical thickness. Second, we combined 1-Hz frequency measurements of the stable isotopologues of carbon dioxide and water vapor with measurements of turbulence to determine carbon dioxide and water vapor sources and sinks within the canopy. Using scintillometer observations, we inferred 1-min sensible heat flux that responded within minutes to the cloud passages. Third, collocated profiles of state variables and greenhouse gases enabled us to determine the role of clouds in vertical transport. We then inferred, using canopy and upper-atmospheric observations and a parameterization, the cloud cover and cloud mass flux to establish causality between canopy and cloud processes. This shows the need for a comprehensive observational set to improve weather and climate model representations. Our findings contribute to advance our knowledge of the coupling between cloudy boundary layers and primary carbon productivity of the Amazon rain forest.
KW - Amazon region
KW - Atmosphere-land
KW - Carbon cycle
KW - Clouds
KW - interaction
U2 - 10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0333.1
DO - 10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0333.1
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85199480536
VL - 105
SP - E1275-E1302
JO - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
SN - 0003-0007
IS - 7
ER -