TY - JOUR
T1 - Decline in Antibody Concentration 6 Months After Two Doses of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and Healthy Controls
AU - Hamm, Sebastian Rask
AU - Møller, Dina Leth
AU - Pérez-Alós, Laura
AU - Hansen, Cecilie Bo
AU - Pries-Heje, Mia Marie
AU - Heftdal, Line Dam
AU - Hasselbalch, Rasmus Bo
AU - Fogh, Kamille
AU - Madsen, Johannes Roth
AU - Almagro Armenteros, Jose Juan
AU - Knudsen, Andreas Dehlbæk
AU - Poulsen, Johan Runge
AU - Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth
AU - Hilsted, Linda Maria
AU - Sørensen, Erik
AU - Ostrowski, Sisse Rye
AU - Harboe, Zitta Barrella
AU - Perch, Michael
AU - Sørensen, Søren Schwartz
AU - Rasmussen, Allan
AU - Bundgaard, Henning
AU - Garred, Peter
AU - Iversen, Kasper
AU - Nielsen, Susanne Dam
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Hamm, Møller, Pérez-Alós, Hansen, Pries-Heje, Heftdal, Hasselbalch, Fogh, Madsen, Almagro Armenteros, Knudsen, Poulsen, Frikke-Schmidt, Hilsted, Sørensen, Ostrowski, Harboe, Perch, Sørensen, Rasmussen, Bundgaard, Garred, Iversen and Nielsen.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Background: Previous studies have indicated inferior responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We examined the development of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) after two doses of BNT162b2b in SOT recipients 6 months after vaccination and compared to that of immunocompetent controls. Methods: We measured anti-RBD IgG after two doses of BNT162b2 in 200 SOT recipients and 200 matched healthy controls up to 6 months after first vaccination. Anti-RBD IgG concentration and neutralizing capacity of antibodies were measured at first and second doses of BNT162b2 and 2 and 6 months after the first dose. T-cell responses were measured 6 months after the first dose. Results: In SOT recipients, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-RBD IgG increased from first to second dose (1.14 AU/ml, 95% CI 1.08-1.24 to 11.97 AU/ml, 95% CI 7.73-18.77) and from second dose to 2 months (249.29 AU/ml, 95% CI 153.70-385.19). Six months after the first vaccine, anti-RBD IgG declined (55.85 AU/ml, 95% CI 36.95-83.33). At all time points, anti-RBD IgG was lower in SOT recipients than that in controls. Fewer SOT recipients than controls had a cellular response (13.1% vs. 59.4%, p < 0.001). Risk factors associated with humoral non-response included age [relative risk (RR) 1.23 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.11-1.35, p < 0.001], being within 1 year from transplantation (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30-1.85, p < 0.001), treatment with mycophenolate (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18, p = 0.015), treatment with corticosteroids (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.90, p = 0.009), kidney transplantation (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.25-2.30, p = 0.001), lung transplantation (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.16-2.29, p = 0.005), and de novo non-skin cancer comorbidity (RR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.26-1.82, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Immune responses to BNT162b2 are inferior in SOT recipients compared to healthy controls, and studies aiming to determine the clinical impact of inferior vaccine responses are warranted.
AB - Background: Previous studies have indicated inferior responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We examined the development of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) after two doses of BNT162b2b in SOT recipients 6 months after vaccination and compared to that of immunocompetent controls. Methods: We measured anti-RBD IgG after two doses of BNT162b2 in 200 SOT recipients and 200 matched healthy controls up to 6 months after first vaccination. Anti-RBD IgG concentration and neutralizing capacity of antibodies were measured at first and second doses of BNT162b2 and 2 and 6 months after the first dose. T-cell responses were measured 6 months after the first dose. Results: In SOT recipients, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-RBD IgG increased from first to second dose (1.14 AU/ml, 95% CI 1.08-1.24 to 11.97 AU/ml, 95% CI 7.73-18.77) and from second dose to 2 months (249.29 AU/ml, 95% CI 153.70-385.19). Six months after the first vaccine, anti-RBD IgG declined (55.85 AU/ml, 95% CI 36.95-83.33). At all time points, anti-RBD IgG was lower in SOT recipients than that in controls. Fewer SOT recipients than controls had a cellular response (13.1% vs. 59.4%, p < 0.001). Risk factors associated with humoral non-response included age [relative risk (RR) 1.23 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.11-1.35, p < 0.001], being within 1 year from transplantation (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30-1.85, p < 0.001), treatment with mycophenolate (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18, p = 0.015), treatment with corticosteroids (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.90, p = 0.009), kidney transplantation (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.25-2.30, p = 0.001), lung transplantation (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.16-2.29, p = 0.005), and de novo non-skin cancer comorbidity (RR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.26-1.82, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Immune responses to BNT162b2 are inferior in SOT recipients compared to healthy controls, and studies aiming to determine the clinical impact of inferior vaccine responses are warranted.
KW - BNT162b2
KW - COVID-19
KW - immunogenicity
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - solid organ transplant recipient
KW - vaccination
KW - vaccine
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832501
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832501
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35281023
AN - SCOPUS:85126411967
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
SN - 1664-3224
M1 - 832501
ER -