Abstract
Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m(2))], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs).Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
| Vol/bind | 106 |
| Udgave nummer | 2 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 457-466 |
| Antal sider | 10 |
| ISSN | 0002-9165 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - aug. 2017 |
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Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region : an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts. / Silventoinen, Karri; Jelenkovic, Aline; Sund, Reijo; Yokoyama, Yoshie; Hur, Yoon-Mi; Cozen, Wendy; Hwang, Amie E; Mack, Thomas M; Honda, Chika; Inui, Fujio; Iwatani, Yoshinori; Watanabe, Mikio; Tomizawa, Rie; Pietiläinen, Kirsi H; Rissanen, Aila; Siribaddana, Sisira H; Hotopf, Matthew; Sumathipala, Athula; Rijsdijk, Fruhling; Tan, Qihua; Zhang, Dongfeng; Pang, Zengchang; Piirtola, Maarit; Aaltonen, Sari; Öncel, Sevgi Y; Aliev, Fazil; Rebato, Esther; Hjelmborg, Jacob B; Christensen, Kaare; Skytthe, Axel; Kyvik, Kirsten O; Silberg, Judy L; Eaves, Lindon J; Cutler, Tessa L; Ordoñana, Juan R; Sánchez-Romera, Juan F; Colodro-Conde, Lucia; Song, Yun-Mi; Yang, Sarah; Lee, Kayoung; Franz, Carol E; Kremen, William S; Lyons, Michael J; Busjahn, Andreas; Nelson, Tracy L; Whitfield, Keith E; Kandler, Christian; Jang, Kerry L; Gatz, Margaret; Butler, David A; Stazi, Maria A; Fagnani, Corrado; D'Ippolito, Cristina; Duncan, Glen E; Buchwald, Dedra; Martin, Nicholas G; Medland, Sarah E; Montgomery, Grant W; Jeong, Hoe-Uk; Swan, Gary E; Krasnow, Ruth; Magnusson, Patrik Ke; Pedersen, Nancy L; Dahl Aslan, Anna K; McAdams, Tom A; Eley, Thalia C; Gregory, Alice M; Tynelius, Per; Baker, Laura A; Tuvblad, Catherine; Bayasgalan, Gombojav; Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol; Spector, Timothy D; Mangino, Massimo; Lachance, Genevieve; Burt, S Alexandra; Klump, Kelly L; Harris, Jennifer R; Brandt, Ingunn; Nilsen, Thomas S; Krueger, Robert F; McGue, Matt; Pahlen, Shandell; Corley, Robin P; Huibregtse, Brooke M; Bartels, Meike; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em; Willemsen, Gonneke; Goldberg, Jack H; Rasmussen, Finn; Tarnoki, Adam D; Tarnoki, David L; Derom, Catherine A; Vlietinck, Robert F; Loos, Ruth Jf; Hopper, John L; Sung, Joohon; Maes, Hermine H; Turkheimer, Eric; Boomsma, Dorret I; Sørensen, Thorkild Ia; Kaprio, Jaakko.
I: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bind 106, Nr. 2, 08.2017, s. 457-466.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region
T2 - an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts
AU - Silventoinen, Karri
AU - Jelenkovic, Aline
AU - Sund, Reijo
AU - Yokoyama, Yoshie
AU - Hur, Yoon-Mi
AU - Cozen, Wendy
AU - Hwang, Amie E
AU - Mack, Thomas M
AU - Honda, Chika
AU - Inui, Fujio
AU - Iwatani, Yoshinori
AU - Watanabe, Mikio
AU - Tomizawa, Rie
AU - Pietiläinen, Kirsi H
AU - Rissanen, Aila
AU - Siribaddana, Sisira H
AU - Hotopf, Matthew
AU - Sumathipala, Athula
AU - Rijsdijk, Fruhling
AU - Tan, Qihua
AU - Zhang, Dongfeng
AU - Pang, Zengchang
AU - Piirtola, Maarit
AU - Aaltonen, Sari
AU - Öncel, Sevgi Y
AU - Aliev, Fazil
AU - Rebato, Esther
AU - Hjelmborg, Jacob B
AU - Christensen, Kaare
AU - Skytthe, Axel
AU - Kyvik, Kirsten O
AU - Silberg, Judy L
AU - Eaves, Lindon J
AU - Cutler, Tessa L
AU - Ordoñana, Juan R
AU - Sánchez-Romera, Juan F
AU - Colodro-Conde, Lucia
AU - Song, Yun-Mi
AU - Yang, Sarah
AU - Lee, Kayoung
AU - Franz, Carol E
AU - Kremen, William S
AU - Lyons, Michael J
AU - Busjahn, Andreas
AU - Nelson, Tracy L
AU - Whitfield, Keith E
AU - Kandler, Christian
AU - Jang, Kerry L
AU - Gatz, Margaret
AU - Butler, David A
AU - Stazi, Maria A
AU - Fagnani, Corrado
AU - D'Ippolito, Cristina
AU - Duncan, Glen E
AU - Buchwald, Dedra
AU - Martin, Nicholas G
AU - Medland, Sarah E
AU - Montgomery, Grant W
AU - Jeong, Hoe-Uk
AU - Swan, Gary E
AU - Krasnow, Ruth
AU - Magnusson, Patrik Ke
AU - Pedersen, Nancy L
AU - Dahl Aslan, Anna K
AU - McAdams, Tom A
AU - Eley, Thalia C
AU - Gregory, Alice M
AU - Tynelius, Per
AU - Baker, Laura A
AU - Tuvblad, Catherine
AU - Bayasgalan, Gombojav
AU - Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol
AU - Spector, Timothy D
AU - Mangino, Massimo
AU - Lachance, Genevieve
AU - Burt, S Alexandra
AU - Klump, Kelly L
AU - Harris, Jennifer R
AU - Brandt, Ingunn
AU - Nilsen, Thomas S
AU - Krueger, Robert F
AU - McGue, Matt
AU - Pahlen, Shandell
AU - Corley, Robin P
AU - Huibregtse, Brooke M
AU - Bartels, Meike
AU - van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em
AU - Willemsen, Gonneke
AU - Goldberg, Jack H
AU - Rasmussen, Finn
AU - Tarnoki, Adam D
AU - Tarnoki, David L
AU - Derom, Catherine A
AU - Vlietinck, Robert F
AU - Loos, Ruth Jf
AU - Hopper, John L
AU - Sung, Joohon
AU - Maes, Hermine H
AU - Turkheimer, Eric
AU - Boomsma, Dorret I
AU - Sørensen, Thorkild Ia
AU - Kaprio, Jaakko
N1 - © 2017 American Society for Nutrition.
PY - 2017/8
Y1 - 2017/8
N2 - Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m(2))], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs).Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.
AB - Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m(2))], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs).Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.
KW - Adult
KW - Age Factors
KW - Aged
KW - Aged, 80 and over
KW - Australia
KW - Body Mass Index
KW - Body Weight
KW - Culture
KW - Environment
KW - Europe
KW - Female
KW - Gene-Environment Interaction
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - North America
KW - Obesity
KW - Prevalence
KW - Quantitative Trait, Heritable
KW - Sex Factors
KW - Twins, Dizygotic
KW - Twins, Monozygotic
KW - Young Adult
KW - Journal Article
KW - Twin Study
U2 - 10.3945/ajcn.117.153643
DO - 10.3945/ajcn.117.153643
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 28679550
VL - 106
SP - 457
EP - 466
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
SN - 0002-9165
IS - 2
ER -