Effect of high milk and sugar-sweetened and non-caloric soft drink intake on insulin sensitivity after 6 months in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial

Sara Engel; Tine Tholstrup; Jens Meldgaard Bruun; Arne Astrup; Bjørn Richelsen; Anne Raben

doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0006-9

Effect of high milk and sugar-sweetened and non-caloric soft drink intake on insulin sensitivity after 6 months in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial

Sara Engel^*
, Tine Tholstrup
, Jens Meldgaard Bruun
, Arne Astrup
, Bjørn Richelsen
, Anne Raben

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

Abstract

Background/objectives
Milk contributes with saturated fat, but randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the effects of dairy on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) where dairy is given as whole foods are scarce. The objective of our study was to investigate the long-term effects of semi-skimmed milk on insulin sensitivity and further to compare milk with sugar-sweetened soft drinks (SSSD).

Subjects/methods
A secondary analysis of a 6-month RCT with 60 overweight and obese subjects randomly assigned to 1 L/d of either milk (1.5 g fat/100 mL), SSSD, non-calorie soft drink (NCSD), or water was conducted. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and plasma free fatty acids. Second, fasting blood lipids, blood pressure, and concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were assessed.

Results
There were no differences between milk, SSSD, NCSD, and water on insulin sensitivity assessed by OGTT (Matsuda Index, fasting, and area under the curve glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment values). SSSD increased total cholesterol compared to NCSD (P = 0.007), and triacylglycerol compared to NCSD and water (P = 0.045 and 0.045, respectively). None of the other parameters differed significantly between the groups.

Conclusions
In conclusion, there were no differences in effect between intake of milk, SSSD, NCSD, and water (1 L/d) for 6-month on risk markers of T2D in overweight and obese adults. As a secondary analysis, these results need confirmation in future studies.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Vol/bind	72
Sider (fra-til)	358-366
Antal sider	9
ISSN	0954-3007
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0006-9
Status	Udgivet - 1 mar. 2018

Bibliografisk note

CURIS 2018 NEXS 101

Finansiering

Acknowledgements We thank Christian Ritz for support with the statistical analyses. We gratefully acknowledge the work of Maria Maersk and Anita Belza, who conducted the intervention and helped planning the study. The authors’ responsibilities were following—S. E.: performed the statistical analysis, wrote the manuscript with primary responsibility for final content; J.M.B.: responsible for the analysis of PAI-1 and FFA; T.T. and A.R.: initiated the current analyses and supplied valuable knowledge and scientific consultation during the process; A.A. and B.R.: took part in the funding and design; all authors: read and approved the final manuscript. A.A. has received research grants from Arla Foods, Denmark; The Danish Dairy Research Foundation; Global Dairy Platform, USA; and the Danish Agriculture and Food Foundation. T.T. has received research grants from Arla Foods, Denmark; The Danish Dairy Research Foundation; and the Dairy Institute, Rosemont, IL. A.R. has received research funding from the Dairy Research Industry, Rosemont, IL, and The Danish Agriculture and Food Council.

Emneord

Det Natur- og Biovidenskabelige Fakultet

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10.1038/s41430-017-0006-9

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Citationsformater

Effect of high milk and sugar-sweetened and non-caloric soft drink intake on insulin sensitivity after 6 months in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. / Engel, Sara; Tholstrup, Tine; Bruun, Jens Meldgaard et al.
I: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bind 72, 01.03.2018, s. 358-366.

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

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title = "Effect of high milk and sugar-sweetened and non-caloric soft drink intake on insulin sensitivity after 6 months in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial",

abstract = "Background/objectives Milk contributes with saturated fat, but randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the effects of dairy on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) where dairy is given as whole foods are scarce. The objective of our study was to investigate the long-term effects of semi-skimmed milk on insulin sensitivity and further to compare milk with sugar-sweetened soft drinks (SSSD). Subjects/methods A secondary analysis of a 6-month RCT with 60 overweight and obese subjects randomly assigned to 1 L/d of either milk (1.5 g fat/100 mL), SSSD, non-calorie soft drink (NCSD), or water was conducted. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and plasma free fatty acids. Second, fasting blood lipids, blood pressure, and concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were assessed. Results There were no differences between milk, SSSD, NCSD, and water on insulin sensitivity assessed by OGTT (Matsuda Index, fasting, and area under the curve glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment values). SSSD increased total cholesterol compared to NCSD (P = 0.007), and triacylglycerol compared to NCSD and water (P = 0.045 and 0.045, respectively). None of the other parameters differed significantly between the groups. Conclusions In conclusion, there were no differences in effect between intake of milk, SSSD, NCSD, and water (1 L/d) for 6-month on risk markers of T2D in overweight and obese adults. As a secondary analysis, these results need confirmation in future studies.",

keywords = "Faculty of Science, Atherosclerosis, Pre-diabetes",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of high milk and sugar-sweetened and non-caloric soft drink intake on insulin sensitivity after 6 months in overweight and obese adults

T2 - a randomized controlled trial

AU - Engel, Sara

AU - Tholstrup, Tine

AU - Bruun, Jens Meldgaard

AU - Astrup, Arne

AU - Richelsen, Bjørn

AU - Raben, Anne

N1 - CURIS 2018 NEXS 101

PY - 2018/3/1

Y1 - 2018/3/1

N2 - Background/objectives Milk contributes with saturated fat, but randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the effects of dairy on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) where dairy is given as whole foods are scarce. The objective of our study was to investigate the long-term effects of semi-skimmed milk on insulin sensitivity and further to compare milk with sugar-sweetened soft drinks (SSSD). Subjects/methods A secondary analysis of a 6-month RCT with 60 overweight and obese subjects randomly assigned to 1 L/d of either milk (1.5 g fat/100 mL), SSSD, non-calorie soft drink (NCSD), or water was conducted. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and plasma free fatty acids. Second, fasting blood lipids, blood pressure, and concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were assessed. Results There were no differences between milk, SSSD, NCSD, and water on insulin sensitivity assessed by OGTT (Matsuda Index, fasting, and area under the curve glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment values). SSSD increased total cholesterol compared to NCSD (P = 0.007), and triacylglycerol compared to NCSD and water (P = 0.045 and 0.045, respectively). None of the other parameters differed significantly between the groups. Conclusions In conclusion, there were no differences in effect between intake of milk, SSSD, NCSD, and water (1 L/d) for 6-month on risk markers of T2D in overweight and obese adults. As a secondary analysis, these results need confirmation in future studies.

AB - Background/objectives Milk contributes with saturated fat, but randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the effects of dairy on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) where dairy is given as whole foods are scarce. The objective of our study was to investigate the long-term effects of semi-skimmed milk on insulin sensitivity and further to compare milk with sugar-sweetened soft drinks (SSSD). Subjects/methods A secondary analysis of a 6-month RCT with 60 overweight and obese subjects randomly assigned to 1 L/d of either milk (1.5 g fat/100 mL), SSSD, non-calorie soft drink (NCSD), or water was conducted. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and plasma free fatty acids. Second, fasting blood lipids, blood pressure, and concentration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were assessed. Results There were no differences between milk, SSSD, NCSD, and water on insulin sensitivity assessed by OGTT (Matsuda Index, fasting, and area under the curve glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment values). SSSD increased total cholesterol compared to NCSD (P = 0.007), and triacylglycerol compared to NCSD and water (P = 0.045 and 0.045, respectively). None of the other parameters differed significantly between the groups. Conclusions In conclusion, there were no differences in effect between intake of milk, SSSD, NCSD, and water (1 L/d) for 6-month on risk markers of T2D in overweight and obese adults. As a secondary analysis, these results need confirmation in future studies.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Atherosclerosis

KW - Pre-diabetes

U2 - 10.1038/s41430-017-0006-9

DO - 10.1038/s41430-017-0006-9

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29235560

SN - 0954-3007

VL - 72

SP - 358

EP - 366

JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

ER -