Abstract
Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has an anesthetic activity but its water insoluble property limits its clinical applications. The aim of the present study was to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of AGO (SNEDDS-AGO) to avoid the use of organic solvent and investigate AGO transportation pathway and anesthetic activity. Three optimized formulations from a contour plots of droplet size; SNEDDS-AGO-1, SNEDDS-AGO-2, and SNEDDS-AGO-3, composed of AGO, Miglyol 812, Cremophor RH 40, Capmul MCM EP, and ethanol at the ratios of 40:10:35:10:5, 40:20:15:20:5, and 60:10:15:10:5, respectively were selected as they possessed different droplet size of 62 ± 0.5, 107 ± 2.8, and 207 ± 4.3 nm, respectively. It was found that the droplet size played an important role in fish anesthesia. SNEDDS-AGO-3 showed the longest anesthetic induction time (270 sec) (p < 0.03). Transportation pathway and skin permeation of SNEDDS-AGO-2 were investigated using nile red labelled AGO and detected by fluorescence microscope. AGO was found mostly in brain, gills, and skin suggesting that the transportation pathway of AGO in zebrafish is passing through the gills and skin to the brain. SNEDDS-AGO formulations showed significantly higher permeation through the skin than AGO ethanolic solution. In conclusion, SNEDDS is a promising delivery system of AGO.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Tidsskrift | European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics |
Vol/bind | 165 |
Sider (fra-til) | 193-202 |
Antal sider | 10 |
ISSN | 0939-6411 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2021 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:The authors are grateful for financial support from the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) via the Research and Researchers for Industries (RRI) grant no. PHD56I0040 and the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT). We would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Huiling Mu for GC analysis and Prof. Klaus Qvortrup and Dr. Michael Johnson from the Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy and the Centre for Advanced Bioimaging Denmark, University of Copenhagen for cryo-TEM imaging. We also thank the Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand for research facility and partial financial support.
Funding Information:
The authors are grateful for financial support from the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) via the Research and Researchers for Industries (RRI) grant no. PHD56I0040 and the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT). We would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Huiling Mu for GC analysis and Prof. Klaus Qvortrup and Dr. Michael Johnson from the Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy and the Centre for Advanced Bioimaging Denmark, University of Copenhagen for cryo-TEM imaging. We also thank the Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand for research facility and partial financial support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.