Abstract
We investigated population genetics of the native tree species Acer velutinum Boiss., Fagus orientalis Lipsky, and Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey. in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran and also F. orientalis populations in the Euro-Siberian and Colchic subregions of northern Türkiye. We used the double-digest RADseq method and genotyped 90 populations and 1,589 individuals across the distribution range of the species. Genome-wide SNPs from 28 populations of A. velutinum, 32 populations of F. orientalis, and 30 Q. castaneifolia revealed higher genetic differentiation among A. velutinum populations than among F. orientalis and Q. castaneifolia. The global FST value was lowest for F. orientalis populations and highest for A. velutinum populations, while the global FIS value was negative for A. velutinum. Demographic history analysis revealed a bottleneck during the last glacial period (11,500—115,000 Kya) for the A. velutinum populations with reduced effective population size (Ne). All three species show multiple bottlenecks and reduced Ne during the Quaternary. Pronounced genetic divergence among A. velutinum populations in the Hyrcanian forests compared to the other two species suggests cryptic speciation. Conversely, F. orientalis and Q. castaneifolia populations showed low levels of genetic structure, suggesting that species-specific factors, such as pollen production and pollination efficiency, may have influenced the genetic patterns within these species in similar environments. The nucleotide diversity of F. orientalis populations in Iran is negatively correlated with altitude (p = 0.046). In contrast, A. velutinum populations show a significant correlation between nucleotide diversity and longitude (p = 0.008). Furthermore, the F. orientalis populations from Türkiye showed a distinct west–east genetic structure and were highly diverged from the Iranian F. orientalis populations.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 35 |
| Tidsskrift | Tree Genetics & Genomes |
| Vol/bind | 20 |
| Antal sider | 22 |
| ISSN | 1614-2942 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2024 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:This project was funded by VILLUM FONDEN \u2013 project number 00012952. The Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR) was thanked for permission to do fieldwork in Iran. The Caspian Forest Tree Seed Center in Amol and Chamestan, Iran, facilitated leaf collection in June, September 2018, and May 2019. The relevant regional directorates of the General Directorate of Forestry in T\u00FCrkiye provided assistance in collecting leaf samples. The fieldworks were organized by Bahram Naseri, to whom we are especially grateful. The fieldwork was carried out with the help of Ghahraman Rezaii, Baba Khanjani Shiraz, Asadollah Karimidoost, Karim Maghsoudloo, Mahin Shojaei, Shirzad Mohammadnejad Kiasari, Mohammad Rezaii, and Mehdi Vatanparast. We are also very grateful to Farhad Asadi from the Chamestan Center for the leaf collections. The original field permits are available upon request. Our fieldwork adheres to the standard regulations for plant collection described in the Nagoya Protocol under the Convention on Biological Diversity. None of the species studied are endangered or vulnerable, according to the IUCN Red List. We thank Lene Hasmark Andersen, Maria Meyhoff-Madsen, Mathilde R\u00F8en, and Farhad Asadi for their DNA extraction and quantification assistance. We also thank Lars Scharff and Mette Juul Jacobsen for help with the Bioanalyzer and BluePippin. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on improving the original manuscript. Data analysis was performed at the Smithsonian Institution (USA) High-Performance Cluster (https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.25572/SIHPC). MV acknowledges the assistance of Rebecca Dikow and Matthew Kweskin at the Hydra cluster.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
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