Gestational diabetes mellitus and exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise: A cohort study

Marie Pedersen; Sjurdur F. Olsen; Thorhallur I. Halldorsson; Cuilin Zhang; Dorrit Hjortebjerg; Matthias Ketzel; Charlotta Grandström; Mette Sørensen; Peter Damm; Jens Langhoff-Roos; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.003

Gestational diabetes mellitus and exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise: A cohort study

Marie Pedersen^*
, Sjurdur F. Olsen
, Thorhallur I. Halldorsson
, Cuilin Zhang
, Dorrit Hjortebjerg
, Matthias Ketzel
, Charlotta Grandström
, Mette Sørensen
, Peter Damm
, Jens Langhoff-Roos
, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen

^*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

Abstract

Background: Road traffic is a main source of air pollution and noise. Both exposures have been associated with type 2 diabetes, but associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been studied less.

Objectives: We aimed to examine single and joint associations of exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise on GDM in a prospective cohort.

Methods: We identified GDM cases from self-reports and hospital records, using two different criteria, among 72,745 singleton pregnancies (1997–2002) from the Danish National Birth Cohort. We modeled nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and noise from road traffic (L_den) exposure at all pregnancy addresses.

Results: According to the two diagnostic criteria: the Danish clinical guidelines, which was our main outcome, and the WHO standard during recruitment period, a total of 565 and 210 women, respectively, had GDM. For both exposures no risk was evident for the common Danish criterion of GDM. A 10-μg/m³ increase in NO₂ exposure during first trimester was, however, associated with an increased risk of WHO-GDM (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.49). The corresponding OR associated with a 10-dB higher road traffic noise level was 1.15 (0.94 to 1.18). In mutually adjusted models the OR for NO₂ remained similar 1.22 (0.98, 1.53) whereas that for road traffic noise decreased to 1.03 (0.80, 1.32). Significant associations were also observed for exposure averaged over the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and the full pregnancy.

Conclusions: No risk was evident for the common Danish criterion of GDM. NO₂ was associated with higher risk for GDM according to the WHO criterion, which might be due to selection bias.

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Environment International
Vol/bind	108
Sider (fra-til)	253-260
Antal sider	8
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.003
Status	Udgivet - nov. 2017

Finansiering

The Danish Council for Independent Research (grant DFF-4004-00179 ) funded the study. Estimation of air pollution and noise exposure was financed by the European Research Council, EU 7th Research Framework Programme (the QUIET project, grant 281760). Additional funding for identification of gestational diabetes mellitus cases in the DNBC was received from The Danish Research Council (grants 09-067124 and 09-075611). The Danish National Research Foundation has established the Danish Epidemiology Science Centre that initiated and created the DNBC. The cohort is furthermore a result of a major grant from this foundation. Additional support for the DNBC is obtained from the Pharmacy Foundation, the Egmont Foundation, the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation, and the Health Foundation. Conflict of interest statement All authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests.

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10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.003

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Citationsformater

Pedersen, M., Olsen, S. F., Halldorsson, T. I., Zhang, C., Hjortebjerg, D., Ketzel, M., Grandström, C., Sørensen, M., Damm, P., Langhoff-Roos, J., & Raaschou-Nielsen, O. (2017). Gestational diabetes mellitus and exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise: A cohort study. Environment International, 108, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.003

@article{f316efdfaa594ba9858efa183c92e772,

title = "Gestational diabetes mellitus and exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise: A cohort study",

abstract = "Background: Road traffic is a main source of air pollution and noise. Both exposures have been associated with type 2 diabetes, but associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been studied less. Objectives: We aimed to examine single and joint associations of exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise on GDM in a prospective cohort. Methods: We identified GDM cases from self-reports and hospital records, using two different criteria, among 72,745 singleton pregnancies (1997–2002) from the Danish National Birth Cohort. We modeled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and noise from road traffic (Lden) exposure at all pregnancy addresses. Results: According to the two diagnostic criteria: the Danish clinical guidelines, which was our main outcome, and the WHO standard during recruitment period, a total of 565 and 210 women, respectively, had GDM. For both exposures no risk was evident for the common Danish criterion of GDM. A 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 exposure during first trimester was, however, associated with an increased risk of WHO-GDM (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.24; 95\% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.49). The corresponding OR associated with a 10-dB higher road traffic noise level was 1.15 (0.94 to 1.18). In mutually adjusted models the OR for NO2 remained similar 1.22 (0.98, 1.53) whereas that for road traffic noise decreased to 1.03 (0.80, 1.32). Significant associations were also observed for exposure averaged over the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and the full pregnancy.Conclusions: No risk was evident for the common Danish criterion of GDM. NO2 was associated with higher risk for GDM according to the WHO criterion, which might be due to selection bias.",

keywords = "Air pollution, Environment, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Noise, Pregnancy, Traffic",

author = "Marie Pedersen and Olsen, \{Sjurdur F.\} and Halldorsson, \{Thorhallur I.\} and Cuilin Zhang and Dorrit Hjortebjerg and Matthias Ketzel and Charlotta Grandstr{\"o}m and Mette S{\o}rensen and Peter Damm and Jens Langhoff-Roos and Ole Raaschou-Nielsen",

year = "2017",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.003",

language = "English",

volume = "108",

pages = "253--260",

journal = "Environment International",

issn = "0160-4120",

publisher = "Elsevier Limited",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gestational diabetes mellitus and exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise

T2 - A cohort study

AU - Pedersen, Marie

AU - Olsen, Sjurdur F.

AU - Halldorsson, Thorhallur I.

AU - Zhang, Cuilin

AU - Hjortebjerg, Dorrit

AU - Ketzel, Matthias

AU - Grandström, Charlotta

AU - Sørensen, Mette

AU - Damm, Peter

AU - Langhoff-Roos, Jens

AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole

PY - 2017/11

Y1 - 2017/11

N2 - Background: Road traffic is a main source of air pollution and noise. Both exposures have been associated with type 2 diabetes, but associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been studied less. Objectives: We aimed to examine single and joint associations of exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise on GDM in a prospective cohort. Methods: We identified GDM cases from self-reports and hospital records, using two different criteria, among 72,745 singleton pregnancies (1997–2002) from the Danish National Birth Cohort. We modeled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and noise from road traffic (Lden) exposure at all pregnancy addresses. Results: According to the two diagnostic criteria: the Danish clinical guidelines, which was our main outcome, and the WHO standard during recruitment period, a total of 565 and 210 women, respectively, had GDM. For both exposures no risk was evident for the common Danish criterion of GDM. A 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 exposure during first trimester was, however, associated with an increased risk of WHO-GDM (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.49). The corresponding OR associated with a 10-dB higher road traffic noise level was 1.15 (0.94 to 1.18). In mutually adjusted models the OR for NO2 remained similar 1.22 (0.98, 1.53) whereas that for road traffic noise decreased to 1.03 (0.80, 1.32). Significant associations were also observed for exposure averaged over the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and the full pregnancy.Conclusions: No risk was evident for the common Danish criterion of GDM. NO2 was associated with higher risk for GDM according to the WHO criterion, which might be due to selection bias.

AB - Background: Road traffic is a main source of air pollution and noise. Both exposures have been associated with type 2 diabetes, but associations with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been studied less. Objectives: We aimed to examine single and joint associations of exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise on GDM in a prospective cohort. Methods: We identified GDM cases from self-reports and hospital records, using two different criteria, among 72,745 singleton pregnancies (1997–2002) from the Danish National Birth Cohort. We modeled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and noise from road traffic (Lden) exposure at all pregnancy addresses. Results: According to the two diagnostic criteria: the Danish clinical guidelines, which was our main outcome, and the WHO standard during recruitment period, a total of 565 and 210 women, respectively, had GDM. For both exposures no risk was evident for the common Danish criterion of GDM. A 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 exposure during first trimester was, however, associated with an increased risk of WHO-GDM (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.49). The corresponding OR associated with a 10-dB higher road traffic noise level was 1.15 (0.94 to 1.18). In mutually adjusted models the OR for NO2 remained similar 1.22 (0.98, 1.53) whereas that for road traffic noise decreased to 1.03 (0.80, 1.32). Significant associations were also observed for exposure averaged over the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and the full pregnancy.Conclusions: No risk was evident for the common Danish criterion of GDM. NO2 was associated with higher risk for GDM according to the WHO criterion, which might be due to selection bias.

KW - Air pollution

KW - Environment

KW - Gestational diabetes mellitus

KW - Noise

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Traffic

U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.003

DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.003

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85028934463

SN - 0160-4120

VL - 108

SP - 253

EP - 260

JO - Environment International

JF - Environment International

ER -