@article{002a6f2074c211dbbee902004c4f4f50,
title = "Images of Akut{\^o}",
abstract = "One of the primary objects of this paper has been to show how a so-called akut{\^o} was created, not on a local level by merchants or itinerant monks committing robbery and murder or by warriors or powerful peasants opposing a distant proprietor by violent means, but by the proprietor itself as part of a rhetorical strategy designed to provoke a certain response from the recipients of the complaints and suits. The appearance of the term in various documents in the thirteenth century does therefore not necessarily indicate that a special social grouping appeared in the estates in the central and western provinces at that time. It is rather a symbol of the troubles, which the proprietors faced in controlling their estates and the steady inflow of taxes and commodities from these estates.",
keywords = "Faculty of Humanities, Japan, Kamakura, banditv{\ae}sen, akuto, middelalderhistorie, Japan - history, Kamakura, banditry, akuto, medieval history",
author = "Morten Oxenb{\o}ll",
year = "2005",
language = "English",
volume = "60/2",
pages = "235--262",
journal = "Monumenta Nipponica",
issn = "0027-0741",
publisher = "Sophia University",
number = "2005/60:2",
}