Importance of waste stabilization ponds and wastewater irrigation in the generation of vector mosquitoes in Pakistan

Muhammad Mukhtar; Jeroen Ensink; Wim Van der Hoek; Felix Prashantha Amerasinghe; Flemming Konradsen

Importance of waste stabilization ponds and wastewater irrigation in the generation of vector mosquitoes in Pakistan

Muhammad Mukhtar, Jeroen Ensink, Wim Van der Hoek, Felix Prashantha Amerasinghe, Flemming Konradsen

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

11 Citationer (Scopus)

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 2006-Sep

Originalsprog	Engelsk
Tidsskrift	Journal of Medical Entomology
Vol/bind	43
Udgave nummer	5
Sider (fra-til)	996-1003
Antal sider	7
ISSN	0022-2585
Status	Udgivet - 2006

Bibliografisk note

Keywords: Agriculture; Animals; Anopheles; Culex; Ecosystem; Female; Fresh Water; Insect Vectors; Larva; Logistic Models; Pakistan; Public Health; Species Specificity; Waste Disposal, Fluid

Citationsformater

Importance of waste stabilization ponds and wastewater irrigation in the generation of vector mosquitoes in Pakistan. / Mukhtar, Muhammad; Ensink, Jeroen; Van der Hoek, Wim; Amerasinghe, Felix Prashantha; Konradsen, Flemming.

I: Journal of Medical Entomology, Bind 43, Nr. 5, 2006, s. 996-1003.

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › peer review

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title = "Importance of waste stabilization ponds and wastewater irrigation in the generation of vector mosquitoes in Pakistan",

abstract = "The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of waste stabilization ponds (WSP) and wastewater-irrigated sites for the production of mosquitoes of medical importance. Mosquito larvae were collected fortnightly from July 2001 to June 2002 in Faisalabad, Pakistan. In total, 3,132 water samples from WSP and irrigated areas yielded 606,053 Culex larvae of five species. In addition, 107,113 anophelines, representing eight species were collected. Anopheles subpictus (Grassi) and Culex mosquitoes, especially Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles), showed an overwhelming preference for anaerobic ponds, which receive untreated wastewater. Facultative ponds generated lower numbers of both Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, whereas the last ponds in the series, the maturation ponds, were the least productive for both mosquito genera. An. subpictus and Anopheles stephensi (Liston) were the dominant Anopheles species in wastewater-irrigated sites, with Anopheles culicifacies (Giles) recorded in low numbers. This was also the pattern in nearby sites, irrigated with river water. Among the Culex species, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was by far the most frequently recorded in both wastewater- and river water-irrigated sites with Cx. quinquefasciatus as the second most abundant species but restricted to wastewater-irrigated areas. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of An. subpictus and Culex mosquitoes was significantly associated with emergent grass vegetation and low salinity. Regular removal of emergent grass along the margins of the anaerobic ponds and changes in the concrete design of the ponds are likely to reduce the mosquito production, especially of Culex species.",

author = "Muhammad Mukhtar and Jeroen Ensink and {Van der Hoek}, Wim and Amerasinghe, {Felix Prashantha} and Flemming Konradsen",

note = "Keywords: Agriculture; Animals; Anopheles; Culex; Ecosystem; Female; Fresh Water; Insect Vectors; Larva; Logistic Models; Pakistan; Public Health; Species Specificity; Waste Disposal, Fluid",

year = "2006",

language = "English",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Importance of waste stabilization ponds and wastewater irrigation in the generation of vector mosquitoes in Pakistan

AU - Mukhtar, Muhammad

AU - Ensink, Jeroen

AU - Van der Hoek, Wim

AU - Amerasinghe, Felix Prashantha

AU - Konradsen, Flemming

N1 - Keywords: Agriculture; Animals; Anopheles; Culex; Ecosystem; Female; Fresh Water; Insect Vectors; Larva; Logistic Models; Pakistan; Public Health; Species Specificity; Waste Disposal, Fluid

PY - 2006

Y1 - 2006

N2 - The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of waste stabilization ponds (WSP) and wastewater-irrigated sites for the production of mosquitoes of medical importance. Mosquito larvae were collected fortnightly from July 2001 to June 2002 in Faisalabad, Pakistan. In total, 3,132 water samples from WSP and irrigated areas yielded 606,053 Culex larvae of five species. In addition, 107,113 anophelines, representing eight species were collected. Anopheles subpictus (Grassi) and Culex mosquitoes, especially Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles), showed an overwhelming preference for anaerobic ponds, which receive untreated wastewater. Facultative ponds generated lower numbers of both Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, whereas the last ponds in the series, the maturation ponds, were the least productive for both mosquito genera. An. subpictus and Anopheles stephensi (Liston) were the dominant Anopheles species in wastewater-irrigated sites, with Anopheles culicifacies (Giles) recorded in low numbers. This was also the pattern in nearby sites, irrigated with river water. Among the Culex species, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was by far the most frequently recorded in both wastewater- and river water-irrigated sites with Cx. quinquefasciatus as the second most abundant species but restricted to wastewater-irrigated areas. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of An. subpictus and Culex mosquitoes was significantly associated with emergent grass vegetation and low salinity. Regular removal of emergent grass along the margins of the anaerobic ponds and changes in the concrete design of the ponds are likely to reduce the mosquito production, especially of Culex species.

AB - The objective of the current study was to investigate the role of waste stabilization ponds (WSP) and wastewater-irrigated sites for the production of mosquitoes of medical importance. Mosquito larvae were collected fortnightly from July 2001 to June 2002 in Faisalabad, Pakistan. In total, 3,132 water samples from WSP and irrigated areas yielded 606,053 Culex larvae of five species. In addition, 107,113 anophelines, representing eight species were collected. Anopheles subpictus (Grassi) and Culex mosquitoes, especially Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles), showed an overwhelming preference for anaerobic ponds, which receive untreated wastewater. Facultative ponds generated lower numbers of both Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes, whereas the last ponds in the series, the maturation ponds, were the least productive for both mosquito genera. An. subpictus and Anopheles stephensi (Liston) were the dominant Anopheles species in wastewater-irrigated sites, with Anopheles culicifacies (Giles) recorded in low numbers. This was also the pattern in nearby sites, irrigated with river water. Among the Culex species, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was by far the most frequently recorded in both wastewater- and river water-irrigated sites with Cx. quinquefasciatus as the second most abundant species but restricted to wastewater-irrigated areas. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of An. subpictus and Culex mosquitoes was significantly associated with emergent grass vegetation and low salinity. Regular removal of emergent grass along the margins of the anaerobic ponds and changes in the concrete design of the ponds are likely to reduce the mosquito production, especially of Culex species.

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 17017239

VL - 43

SP - 996

EP - 1003

JO - Journal of Medical Entomology

JF - Journal of Medical Entomology

SN - 0022-2585

IS - 5

ER -