Abstract
One of the most important developments in the breast cancer field has been an improved understanding of prognostic and predictive biomarkers, of which TILs are increasingly gaining importance. The evaluation of TILs by light microscopy on a H&E-stained section is workable in a daily practice setting. Reproducibility of reporting TILs is good, but heterogeneity is a cause of variation. TILs provide clinicians with important prognostic information for patients with TNBC, as early-stage TNBC with high TILs have > 98% 5-year survival and TILs predict benefit to immunotherapy. Importantly, while TILs do not have level of evidence IA, TILs should be used as a prognostic factor with caution and with other accepted prognostic variables, such as tumour size and lymph node status, to inform clinicians and patients on their treatment options. A framework on how to use the TILs in daily practice is proposed, including a co-assessment with PD-L1 for its predictive role to immunotherapy.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Virchows Archiv |
| Vol/bind | 480 |
| Udgave nummer | 1 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 147-162 |
| Antal sider | 16 |
| ISSN | 0945-6317 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2022 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:RS reports non-financial support from Merck and Bristol Myers Squibb; research support from Merck, Puma Biotechnology, and Roche; and personal fees from Roche and Exact Sciences for advisory boards.
Funding Information:
RS is supported by a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF, grant No. 17-194). Gert van den Eynden is thanked for willing to share Fig. .
Funding Information:
MK reports being an advisory board member for BMS, MSD, Roche, Daiichi. The institute of MK receives research funding from BMS, Roche, AZ.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.