Abstract
The lichen family Teloschistaceae from the Galapagos is revised. Most of the species belong to the Caloplacoideae, two to Teloschistoideae and a few to Xanthorioideae, three subfamilies not validly published, which is remedied here. Four different datasets were analyzed using Bayesian inference. For the bulk of the species, a combined dataset of nrITS, nrLSU and mrSSU was analyzed. Additionally, three analyses were performed using nrITS to further investigate phylogenetic relationships within and between species in each subfamily, and in the genera Xanthomendoza and Squamulea. Four new genera are described: Lacrima, Oceanoplaca, Phaeoplaca, Sucioplaca. Twenty-four species are reported, of which ten are new to science: Caloplaca nigra, Lacrima galapagoensis, Oceanoplaca chemoisidiosa, O. sideritoides, Phaeoplaca tortuca, Squamulea chelonia, S. humboldtiana, S. osseophila, S. oceanica, and Xanthomendoza leoncita. Several new combinations are proposed and three species of Xanthomendoza are reduced to synonymy. Several new combinations and species placed into synonymy do not occur in the Galapagos, but are treated as a consequence of our taxonomic revision. Morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry, distribution and molecular phylogenetic affiliation are presented for each species and a key is provided. Eight different chemical patterns are quantitatively described based on HPLC analyses. The new genus Lacrima includes L. galapagoensis, a species without vegetative propagules, and two densely isidiate species, L. epiphora and L. aphanotripta that are morphologically similar to 'Caloplaca' wrightii. The only species of Galapagos Teloschistaceae that contains xanthones is placed into Huneckia. Oceanoplaca includes two species with the new anthraquinone isidiosin, O. isidiosa and O. chemoisidiosa, while a third species, O. sideritoides, does not contain this secondary metabolite. Phaeoplaca camptidia has previously been reported from Galapagos, but our phylogenetic analysis suggests that it is a new species, here named P. tortuca. An isolated position is occupied by 'Caloplaca' diplacia, which we place in it its own monotypic genus Sucioplaca. Some Galapagos Teloschistaceae can be considered a 'residue' of unresolved Caloplaca s.l., i.e. the corticolous C. floridana is possibly related to the saxicolous C. nigra, while C. cupulifera can currently not be placed. Squamulea remains particularly problematic and includes S. phyllidizans, that is nested among otherwise unresolved Squamulea species. Based on molecular data, S. phyllidizans is close to 'Huriella'. 'Huriella' flakusii, described from Peru, is confirmed to occur in the Galapagos and the genus is reduced to synonymy with Squamulea. The Squamulea squamosa/subsoluta group remains largely unresolved, but the new species S. chelonia, S. humboldtiana, S. oceanica, and S. osseophila are phylogenetically distinct. Foliose Teloschistaceae are represented only by one species, described as Xanthomendoza leoncita, while the only fruticose species, Teloschistes chrysophthalmus and T. flavicans, are cosmopolitan.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
---|---|
Tidsskrift | Plant and Fungal Systematics |
Vol/bind | 65 |
Udgave nummer | 2 |
Sider (fra-til) | 515-576 |
Antal sider | 62 |
ISSN | 1641-8190 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2020 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:On occasion of his 65th birthday, we dedicate this publication to our friend and colleague Philippe Clerc for his life's work in lichenology, particularly his tremendous contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Usnea, not only in the Galapagos, but globally. The Galapagos lichen inventory would not be possible without Frauke Ziemmeck, who for many years managed the cryptogam collection at CDS. Andr? Aptroot contributed many important specimens to the lichen herbarium of the research station in the Galapagos, among the specimens much of the material of the Teloschistaceae examined here; we especially want to acknowledge this contribution by naming P. tortuca in his honor (see Etymology of this species' name). We further acknowledge support by successive CDF science directors (Alan Tye, Mark Gardener, Rodolfo Martinez, Ulf H?rdter, No?mi d'Ozouville, Heinke J?ger, and most recently Maria-Jos? Barragan Paladines) and are indebted to the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park (DPNG). The Galapagos Lichen Inventory is now part of the national biodiversity assessment 'Biodiversidad Gen?tica del Ecuador', led by the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador (INABIO). For research and specimen permits we are particularly indebted to Danny Rueda, Daniel Lara Sol?s, Galo Quedaza and Victor Carri?n from DPNG, and Diego Incl?n, Francisco Prieto and Rosa Batallas (INABIO). The Census of Galapagos Biodiversity and the CDF Checklist of Galapagos Species received several grants (donors and contributing scientists cited at http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/ checklists/). The assistance of Lisbeth Knudsen (University of Copenhagen) for molecular and chemical analyses is highly appreciated; John A. Elix made valuable comments on some of the chemical results. Most of these analyses were carried out during a 2011 visit in Copenhagen by the first author (FB), who would like to thank Ulrik S?chting for his hospitality. We much appreciate how Konstanze Bensch helped to resolve some difficult nomenclatural aspects. We much appreciate the constructive criticism that we received from two anonymous reviewers. Elizabeth Makings, Christian Parrinello, and Camille Truong helped editing the final version, catching numerous errors and suggesting stylistic changes which much improved the text. As authors, we are entirely to blame for any additional mistakes that we might still have overlooked. The lichen inventory received funds from The Paul and Bay Foundations, and the Erwin Warth Stiftung. An international workshop was supported 2010 by the US National Science Foundation (DEB 0715660, PI Robert L?cking; DEB 0841405, PI James Lawrey, local coordinator F. Bungartz). Taxonomic research with the objective to publish an IUCN red-list of endemic Galapagos lichens is funded by the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (project 152510692). The Galapagos lichen herbarium is indebted to the curators of: B, COLO, CAS, FH, H, and S. A visit to FH by the first author (FB) in 2009 was generously supported by a Friends of the Farlow Fellowship. Specimens at BM in London were recently studied with a SYNTHESYS grant to the first author (FB), who is much indebted to the BM curator at the time, Holger Th?s. This is contribution no. 2362 of the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands.
Funding Information:
On occasion of his 65th birthday, we dedicate this publication to our friend and colleague Philippe Clerc for his life’s work in lichenology, particularly his tremendous contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Usnea, not only in the Galapagos, but globally. The Galapagos lichen inventory would not be possible without Frauke Ziemmeck, who for many years managed the cryptogam collection at CDS. André Aptroot contributed many important specimens to the lichen herbarium of the research station in the Galapagos, among the specimens much of the material of the Teloschistaceae examined here; we especially want to acknowledge this contribution by naming P. tortuca in his honor (see Etymology of this species’ name). We further acknowledge support by successive CDF science directors (Alan Tye, Mark Gardener, Rodolfo Martinez, Ulf Härdter, Noëmi d’Ozouville, Heinke Jäger, and most recently Maria-José Barragan Paladines) and are indebted to the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park (DPNG). The Galapagos Lichen Inventory is now part of the national biodiversity assessment ‘Biodiversidad Genética del Ecuador’, led by the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad del Ecuador (INABIO). For research and specimen permits we are particularly indebted to Danny Rueda, Daniel Lara Solís, Galo Quedaza and Victor Carrión from DPNG, and Diego In-clán, Francisco Prieto and Rosa Batallas (INABIO). The Census of Galapagos Biodiversity and the CDF Checklist of Galapagos Species received several grants (donors and contributing scientists cited at http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/ checklists/). The assistance of Lisbeth Knudsen (University of Copenhagen) for molecular and chemical analyses is highly appreciated; John A. Elix made valuable comments on some of the chemical results. Most of these analyses were carried out during a 2011 visit in Copenhagen by the first author (FB), who would like to thank Ulrik Søchting for his hospitality. We much appreciate how Konstanze Bensch helped to resolve some difficult nomenclatural aspects. We much appreciate the constructive criticism that we received from two anonymous reviewers. Elizabeth Makings, Christian Parrinello, and Camille Truong helped editing the final version, catching numerous errors and suggesting stylistic changes which much improved the text. As authors, we are entirely to blame for any additional mistakes that we might still have overlooked. The lichen inventory received funds from The Paul and Bay Foundations, and the Erwin Warth Stiftung. An international workshop was supported 2010 by the US National Science Foundation (DEB 0715660, PI Robert Lücking; DEB 0841405, PI James Lawrey, local coordinator F. Bungartz). Taxonomic research with the objective to publish an IUCN red-list of endemic Galapagos lichens is funded by the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (project 152510692). The Galapagos lichen herbarium is indebted to the curators of: B, COLO, CAS, FH, H, and S. A visit to FH by the first author (FB) in 2009 was generously supported by a Friends of the Farlow Fellowship. Specimens at BM in London were recently studied with a SYNTHESYS grant to the first author (FB), who is much indebted to the BM curator at the time, Holger Thüs. This is contribution no. 2362 of the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)