Abstract
Paracetamol is suggested to have endocrine disrupting properties possibly affecting fetal programming of reproductive health that might lead to impaired semen quality and changes in reproductive hormones. In this longitudinal study, we included 1058 young adult men born 1998–2000 into the Danish National Birth Cohort with follow-up at 18–21 years of age. The exposure, maternal intake of paracetamol, was modelled in three ways: dichotomized, trimester-specific, and as duration of exposure categorized into: short (1–2 weeks), medium (3–9 weeks) or long duration (>9 weeks) vs. no intake. Outcomes included semen characteristics, self-measured testis volume, and reproductive hormone levels. We used negative binominal regression to estimate the percentage difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each outcome. In total, 547 (48%) sons were prenatally exposed to paracetamol due to maternal intake at least once. Maternal intake of paracetamol during pregnancy was not associated with any of the biomarkers in the dichotomized or trimester-specific exposure models. For duration of exposure, sons of mothers with long duration of maternal intake of paracetamol showed tendencies towards lower semen concentration (-14% [95% CI: -31%; 8%]), a higher proportion of nonprogressive and immotile spermatozoa (8% [95% CI: -4%; 21%]) and higher DNA Fragmentation Index (16% [95% CI: -1%; 36%]) compared to son of mothers with no intake. Maternal intake of paracetamol during pregnancy was not clearly associated with biomarkers of male fecundity in adult sons. However, it cannot be ruled out that long duration of maternal intake of paracetamol might be associated with impaired semen characteristics.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 108626 |
| Tidsskrift | Reproductive Toxicology |
| Vol/bind | 127 |
| Antal sider | 8 |
| ISSN | 0890-6238 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2024 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:This study is part of the ReproUnion collaborative study, co-financed by the European Union, Intereg V \u00D6KS [20200407). The FEPOS project was further funded by the Lundbeck Foundation [R170\u20132014\u2013855], the Capital Region of Denmark, Region Sk\u00E5ne, and the Medical Faculty at Lund University, Sweden, Medical doctor Sofus Carl Emil Friis and spouse Olga Doris Friis's Grant, Axel Muusfeldt's Foundation (2016\u2013491), AP M\u00F8ller Foundation [16\u201337], the Health Foundation and Dagmar Marshall's Fond. In addition, this study was supported by Aarhus University, the Independent Research Fund Denmark [9039\u201300128B] and co-funded by the European Union [ERC, BIOSFER, 101071773]. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
Funding Information:
The Danish National Birth Cohort was established with a significant grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. Additional support was obtained from the Danish Regional Committees, the Pharmacy Foundation, the Egmont Foundation, the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, the Health Foundation, and other minor grants. The DNBC Biobank has been supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation and the Lundbeck Foundation. Follow-up of mothers and children have been supported by the Danish Medical Research Council (SSVF 0646, 271-08-0839/06-066023, O602-01042B, 0602-02738B), the Lundbeck Foundation (195/04, R100-A9193), The Innovation Fund Denmark 0603-00294B (09-067124), the Nordea Foundation (02-2013-2014), Aarhus Ideas (AU R9-A959-13-S804), University of Copenhagen Strategic Grant (IFSV 2012), and the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF \u2013 4183-00594 and DFF - 4183-00152).
Funding Information:
This study is part of the ReproUnion collaborative study, co-financed by the European Union, Intereg V \u00D6KS [20200407). The FEPOS project was further funded by the Lundbeck Foundation [R170-2014-855], the Capital Region of Denmark, Region Sk\u00E5ne, and the Medical Faculty at Lund University, Sweden, Medical doctor Sofus Carl Emil Friis and spouse Olga Doris Friis\u2019s Grant, Axel Muusfeldt\u2019s Foundation (2016-491), AP M\u00F8ller Foundation [16\u201337] , the Health Foundation and Dagmar Marshall\u2019s Fond. In addition, this study was supported by Aarhus University, the Independent Research Fund Denmark [9039-00128B] and co-funded by the European Union [ERC, BIOSFER, 101071773]. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors