Measures of Longitudinal Immune Dysfunction and Risk of AIDS and Non-AIDS Defining Malignancies in Antiretroviral-Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Frédérique Chammartin*, Amanda Mocroft, Alexander Egle, Robert Zangerle, Colette Smith, Cristina Mussini, Ferdinand Wit, Jörg Janne Vehreschild, A. d’Arminio Monforte, Antonella Castagna, Laurent Bailly, Johannes Bogner, Stéphane de Wit, Raimonda Matulionyte, Matthew Law, Veronica Svedhem, Joan Tallada, Harmony P. Garges, Andrea Marongiu, Álvaro H. BorgesNadine Jaschinski, Bastian Neesgaard, Lene Ryom, Heiner C. Bucher, RESPOND Study Group

*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftTidsskriftartikelForskningpeer review

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Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to chronic immune activation/inflammation that can persist in virally suppressed persons on fully active antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increase risk of malignancies. The prognostic role of low CD4:CD8 ratio and elevated CD8 cell counts on the risk of cancer remains unclear.

Methods
We investigated the association of CD4:CD8 ratio on the hazard of non-AIDS defining malignancy (NADM), AIDS-defining malignancy (ADM) and most frequent group of cancers in ART-treated people with HIV (PWH) with a CD4 and CD8 cell counts and viral load measurements at baseline. We developed Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for known confounders of cancer risk and time-dependent cumulative and lagged exposures of CD4:CD8 ratio to account for time-evolving risk factors and avoid reverse causality.

Results
CD4:CD8 ratios below 0.5, compared to above 1.0, were independently associated with a 12-month time-lagged higher risk of ADM and infection-related malignancies (adjusted hazard ratio 2.61 [95% confidence interval {CI }1.10–6.19] and 2.03 [95% CI 1.24–3.33], respectively). CD4 cell counts below 350 cells/μL were associated with an increased risk of NADMs and ADMs, as did infection, smoking, and body mass index-related malignancies.

Conclusions
In ART-treated PWH low CD4:CD8 ratios were associated with ADM and infection-related cancers independently from CD4 and CD8 cell counts and may alert clinicians for cancer screening and prevention of NADM.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftClinical Infectious Diseases
Vol/bind78
Udgave nummer4
Sider (fra-til)995-1004
Antal sider10
ISSN1058-4838
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2024

Bibliografisk note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.

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