Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in Clinical Versus Nonclinical Individuals: Generalizability of Psychometric Features

The Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PID-5) was developed for the assessment of pathological traits in clinical settings. However, most research on the PID-5 is derived from nonclinical samples. To date, the comparability and generalizability of PID-5 constructs across nonclinical and clinical samples have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, we investigated the measurement invariance, five-factor structure, and factor correlations across clinical and nonclinical samples. The clinical sample ( n = 598) comprised patients with nonpsychotic disorders (81% women; mean age = 28.95), whereas a matched nonclinical sample ( n = 598) comprised community-dwelling individuals (81% women; mean age = 29.59). Measurement invariance was analyzed using a 13-step, two-group exploratory structural equation modeling approach. The results demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties for both samples and supported strong measurement invariance across the groups at the domain level.