TY - JOUR
T1 - Safe Re-use Practices in Wastewater-Irrigated Urban Vegetable Farming in Ghana
AU - Keraita, Bernard
AU - Abaidoo, R.C
AU - Beernaerts, I.
AU - Koo-Oshima, S.
AU - Amoah, P.
AU - Drechsel, P.
AU - Konradsen, Flemming
PY - 2012/8/8
Y1 - 2012/8/8
N2 - Irrigation using untreated wastewater poses health risks to farmers and consumers of crop products, especially vegetables. With hardly any wastewater treatment in Ghana, a multiple-barrier approach was adopted and safe re-use practices were developed through action research involving a number of stakeholders at different levels along the food chain. This paper presents an overview of safe re-use practices including farm-based water treatment methods, water application techniques, post-harvest handling practices, and washing methods. The overview is based on a comprehensive analysis of the literature and our own specific studies, which used data from a broad range of research methods and approaches. Identifying, testing, and assessment of safe practices were done with the active participation of key actors using observations, extensive microbiological laboratory assessments, and field-based measurements. The results of our work and the work of others show that the practices developed had a great potential to reduce health risks, especially when used to complement each other at different levels of the food chain. Future challenges are the development of a comprehensive framework that best combines tested risk-reduction strategies for wide application by national stakeholders as well as their potential implementation into legally enforceable national standards
AB - Irrigation using untreated wastewater poses health risks to farmers and consumers of crop products, especially vegetables. With hardly any wastewater treatment in Ghana, a multiple-barrier approach was adopted and safe re-use practices were developed through action research involving a number of stakeholders at different levels along the food chain. This paper presents an overview of safe re-use practices including farm-based water treatment methods, water application techniques, post-harvest handling practices, and washing methods. The overview is based on a comprehensive analysis of the literature and our own specific studies, which used data from a broad range of research methods and approaches. Identifying, testing, and assessment of safe practices were done with the active participation of key actors using observations, extensive microbiological laboratory assessments, and field-based measurements. The results of our work and the work of others show that the practices developed had a great potential to reduce health risks, especially when used to complement each other at different levels of the food chain. Future challenges are the development of a comprehensive framework that best combines tested risk-reduction strategies for wide application by national stakeholders as well as their potential implementation into legally enforceable national standards
U2 - 10.5304/jafscd.2012.024.004
DO - 10.5304/jafscd.2012.024.004
M3 - Journal article
VL - 2
SP - 147
EP - 158
JO - Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
JF - Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development
SN - 2152-0798
IS - 4
ER -