Abstract
The NPN compounds from dairy processing side-streams are a promising source for new products. In this study, the NPN profile of lactose production samples was screened using GC–MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. These analytical platforms allowed the identification of 35 NPN compounds including, amino acids and derivatives, amino alcohols, organic acids, and other classes. Quantification of the NPN compounds revealed their attenuation by unit operations during a trial lactose production. Urea, ammonia, glycerophosphocholine, creatine, creatinine, orotic acid and choline were the most dominant compounds. Mother liquor concentrate had the highest concentration of NPN, whereas lactose powder had substantial relative amounts of N-acetylglucosamine, phosphocholine and orotic acid. The NPN compounds added up to 57–99% of the total nitrogen, depending on the sample type. The highest nitrogen recovery was found for the reverse osmosis retentate, mother liquid concentrate, wash water and reverse osmosis permeate, whereas the lowest was found for lactose powder.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Artikelnummer | 134716 |
Tidsskrift | Food Chemistry |
Vol/bind | 405 |
Antal sider | 9 |
ISSN | 0308-8146 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:The present work is part of the project “Low molecular weight compounds in milk and dairy streams - a potential new source for value added products (MilkStreamValue)”, financially supported by the Danish Dairy Research Foundation (DDRF), University of Copenhagen and Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S. The authors would like to thank Anetta Kynde Sørensen (Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S) for her assistance with the sample collection.
Funding Information:
The present work is part of the project “Low molecular weight compounds in milk and dairy streams - a potential new source for value added products (MilkStreamValue)”, financially supported by the Danish Dairy Research Foundation (DDRF), University of Copenhagen and Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S. The authors would like to thank Anetta Kynde Sørensen (Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S) for her assistance with the sample collection.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)