The fraction of disability pensions attributable to smoking and obesity. Results from a 15-year follow-up study

Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate the fraction of permanent disability pensions among the working population in Denmark that can be attributed to differences in health behaviour.
Methods
A total of 8,287 employees were interviewed regarding health behaviour, work environment and general health. They were followed in a national register on granted disability pensions. Cox regression analysis was performed, and attributable fractions were calculated.
Results
The analysis showed a 48% and 79% risk increase for female heavy and moderate smokers, respectively (attributable fraction 19.7%), and a 74% risk increase for BMI¿<¿18.5 (attributable fraction 6.1%). Male heavy smokers had a 67% excess risk of disability pension (attributable fraction 15.7%).
Conclusions
Smoking was an independent disability pension predictor regardless of age, work environment factors and baseline general health status. Workplace-based smoking cessation could substantially decrease permanent disability retirement from work.