Abstract
Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) gradually develop T cell exhaustion, and the inhibitory receptor molecule, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), may play a role in this phenomenon. This systematic review investigates the role of CTLA-4 in the development of T cell exhaustion in CHB. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase on 31 March 2023 to identify relevant studies. Fifteen studies were included in this review. A majority of the studies investigating CD8+ T cells demonstrated increased expression of CTLA-4 in CHB patients, though one study found this only in HBeAg-positive patients. Three out of four studies investigating the expression of CTLA-4 on CD4+ T cells found upregulation of CTLA-4. Several studies showed constitutive expression of CLTA-4 on CD4+ regulatory T cells. CTLA-4 blockade resulted in heterogeneous responses for all T cell types, as it resulted in increased T cell proliferation and/or cytokine production in some studies, while other studies found this only when combining blockade of CTLA-4 with other inhibitory receptors. Although mounting evidence supports a role of CTLA-4 in T cell exhaustion, there is still insufficient documentation to describe the expression and exact role of CTLA-4 in T cell exhaustion in CHB.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Artikelnummer | 1141 |
Tidsskrift | Viruses |
Vol/bind | 15 |
Udgave nummer | 5 |
ISSN | 1999-4915 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:This research was funded by a Tandem Grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (N.W. and J.B.; grant nos. NNF19OC0054518 and NNF19OC0055462).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.