The Role of Social Protection in Integrating Social and Climate Change Objectives in the European Union

Climate change impacts and climate change mitigation policies may pose significant risks to social, economic, and institutional structures by exacerbating existing inequalities and creating new vulnerabilities. Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, geographically isolated communities, and those facing systemic marginalization are disproportionately affected by both climate-related impacts and the regulatory measures designed to address them. These challenges include job displacement, energy poverty, and heightened exposure to extreme weather events. Despite the European Union (EU)’s climate initiatives under the European Green Deal (EGD)—such as the Just Transition Mechanism (JTM) and Social Climate Fund (SCF)—social protection remains insufficiently integrated into climate strategies. This article examines the critical role that social protection can play in addressing these challenges by mitigating socioeconomic risks, promoting equity, and fostering resilience. It identifies key gaps in current EU policies and highlights how social protection systems can address inequalities, support displaced workers, alleviate energy poverty, and respond to the climate crisis. The study further explores reforms to adapt social protection systems to align with climate goals while ensuring fairness and sustainability. Ultimately, it argues for a synergistic approach where social protection becomes a cornerstone of equitable climate action, ensuring that no one is left behind in the transition to a climate-neutral economy.