The Survival Response of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida L.) to Individual and Binary Mixtures of Herbicides

Elham Samadi Kalkhoran, Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim*, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamn Abad, Jens Carl Streibig, Akbar Ghavidel, Te-Ming Paul Tseng

*Corresponding author af dette arbejde

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftTidsskriftartikelForskningpeer review

4 Citationer (Scopus)
19 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Frequent use of herbicides may impose a risk on non-target species. The objective was to test the combined toxic effect of binary herbicide mixtures-metribuzin:halosulfuron and metribuzin:flumioxazin-on non-target earthworms in two test systems: filter paper and a soil toxicity test system. The joint action experiments were independently run twice to substantiate the findings. The most potent individual herbicide was metribuzin, with a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 17.17 mu g ai. cm(-2) at 48 h in the filter paper test. The toxicity of the individual herbicides on the filter paper test was ranked as metribuzin>halosulfuron>flumioxazin. In the soil test, metribuzin and halosulfuron had high toxicity with an LC50 of 8.48 and 10.08 mg ai. kg(-1), respectively, on day 14. Thus, the individual herbicide ranking did not change between the filter paper and artificial soil tests. The herbicide's mixed effect in both test systems showed a consistent antagonistic effect relative to a Concentration Addition reference model. It indicates that the mixtures retracted the herbicide's action in the earthworms.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer320
TidsskriftToxics
Vol/bind10
Udgave nummer6
Antal sider13
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2022

Citationsformater