Abstract
Precision nutrition requires precise tools to monitor dietary habits. Yet current dietary assessment instruments are subjective, limiting our understanding of the causal relationships between diet and health. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) hold promise to increase the objectivity and accuracy of dietary assessment, enabling adjustment for compliance and misreporting. Here, we update current concepts and provide a comprehensive overview of BFIs measured in urine and blood. We rank BFIs based on a four-level utility scale to guide selection and identify combinations of BFIs that specifically reflect complex food intakes, making them applicable as dietary instruments. We discuss the main challenges in biomarker development and illustrate key solutions for the application of BFIs in human studies, highlighting different strategies for selecting and combining BFIs to support specific study designs. Finally, we present a roadmap for BFI development and implementation to leverage current knowledge and enable precision in nutrition research.
Originalsprog | Engelsk |
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Tidsskrift | Nature Metabolism |
Vol/bind | 6 |
Sider (fra-til) | 1438–1453 |
ISSN | 2522-5812 |
DOI | |
Status | Udgivet - 2024 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:This work was supported by a Semper Ardens grant from the Carlsberg Foundation (CF15-0574) to L.O.D., a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF19OC0056246: PRIMA - towards Personalized dietary Recommendations based on the Interaction between diet, Microbiome and Abiotic conditions in the gut) to L.O.D. and H.M.R. and an International Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Programme 2219 from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of T\u00FCrkiye - T\u00DCB\u0130TAK - to T.B.-T.
Publisher Copyright:
© Springer Nature Limited 2024.