TY - JOUR
T1 - Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome
T2 - a randomised cross-over trial
AU - Roager, Henrik Munch
AU - Vogt, Josef Korbinian
AU - Kristensen, Mette Bredal
AU - Hansen, Lea Benedicte Skov
AU - Ibrügger, Sabine
AU - Mærkedahl, Rasmus Baadsgaard
AU - Bahl, Martin Iain
AU - Lind, Mads Vendelbo
AU - Nielsen, Rikke Linnemann
AU - Frøkiær, Hanne
AU - Gøbel, Rikke Juul
AU - Landberg, Rikard
AU - Ross, Alastair B.
AU - Brix, Susanne
AU - Holck, Jesper
AU - Meyer, Anne S.
AU - Sparholt, Morten H.
AU - Christensen, Anders Fogh
AU - Carvalho, Vera
AU - Hartmann, Bolette
AU - Holst, Jens Juul
AU - Rumessen, Jüri Johannes
AU - Linneberg, Allan René
AU - Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas
AU - Dalgaard, Marlene D.
AU - Blennow, Andreas
AU - Frandsen, Henrik Lauritz
AU - Villas-Bôas, Silas
AU - Kristiansen, Karsten
AU - Vestergaard, Henrik
AU - Hansen, Torben
AU - Ekstrøm, Claus Thorn
AU - Ritz, Christian
AU - Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn
AU - Pedersen, Oluf Borbye
AU - Gupta, Ramneek
AU - Lauritzen, Lotte
AU - Licht, Tine Rask
N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 006
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - Objective: To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.Design: 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.Results: 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.Conclusion: Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.Trial Registration Number: NCT 01731366; Results.
AB - Objective: To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.Design: 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.Results: 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.Conclusion: Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.Trial Registration Number: NCT 01731366; Results.
KW - Colonic microflora
KW - Diet
KW - Immune response
KW - Inflammation
KW - Obesity
KW - Metabolomics
KW - Interleukin-6/blood
KW - Blood Glucose/metabolism
KW - Humans
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Gastrointestinal Microbiome
KW - Insulin Resistance
KW - Male
KW - Energy Intake
KW - Cross-Over Studies
KW - Inflammation/blood
KW - Feces/microbiology
KW - Weight Loss
KW - Denmark
KW - Whole Grains
KW - Adult
KW - Female
KW - Aged
KW - Lipids/blood
U2 - 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786
DO - 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314786
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 29097438
VL - 68
SP - 83
EP - 93
JO - Gut
JF - Gut
SN - 0017-5749
IS - 1
ER -