Graham John Belsham

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• 2025

  Assessing virus survival in African swine fever virus-contaminated materials - implications for indirect virus transmission.

  Lazov, C. M., Olesen, A. S. K., Belsham, G. J. & Bøtner, A., 2025, In: Viruses. 17, 1, 14 p., 63.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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• Emergence of new sublineages of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses circulating in Pakistan during 2012–2021

  Jamal, S. M., Khan, S., Rahman, H. U., Ali Shah, S. A., Polo, N., Wilsden, G., Parekh, K., Browning, C., Wadsworth, J., Knowles, N. J., Ludi, A., King, D. P., Eschbaumer, M. & Belsham, G. J., 2025, In: Virology. 605, 14 p., 110455.

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• Evaluation of the Dose of African Swine Fever Virus Required to Establish Infection in Pigs Following Oral Uptake

  Olesen, A. S., Lazov, C. M., Accensi, F., Johnston, C. M., Rasmussen, T. B., Bøtner, A., Lohse, L. & Belsham, G. J., 2025, In: Pathogens. 14, 2, 15 p., 119.

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• 2024

  A Deep Sequencing Strategy for Investigation of Virus Variants within African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Pigs

  Johnston, C. M., Olesen, A. S., Lohse, L., le Maire Madsen, A., Bøtner, A., Belsham, G. J. & Rasmussen, T. B., 2024, In: Pathogens. 13, 2, 19 p., 154.

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  3 Citations (Scopus)

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• Emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants from farmed mink to humans and back during the epidemic in Denmark, June-November 2020

  Rasmussen, T. B., Qvesel, A. G., Pedersen, A. G., Olesen, A. S., Fonager, J., Rasmussen, M., Sieber, R. N., Stegger, M., Calvo-Artavia, F. F., Goedknegt, M. J. F., Thuesen, E. R., Lohse, L., Mortensen, S., Fomsgaard, A., Boklund, A., Bøtner, A. & Belsham, G. J., 2024, In: PLoS Pathogens. 20, 23 p., e1012039.

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• High-throughput screening for respiratory pathogens within pigs in Denmark; analysis of circulating porcine respiratory coronaviruses and their association with other pathogens

  Bedsted, A. E., Goecke, N. B., Hjulsager, C. K., Ryt-Hansen, P., Larsen, K. C., Rasmussen, T. B., Bøtner, A., Larsen, L. E. & Belsham, G. J., 2024, In: Virus Research. 350, 11 p., 199501.

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• Inefficient Transmission of African Swine Fever Virus to Sentinel Pigs from an Environment Contaminated by ASFV-Infected Pigs under Experimental Conditions

  Olesen, A. S., Lohse, L., Accensi, F., Goldswain, H., Belsham, G. J., Bøtner, A., Netherton, C. L., Dixon, L. K. & Portugal, R., 2024, In: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2024, 16 p., 8863641.

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• Microbiological and decomposition analysis of mass mink burial sites during the COVID-19 pandemic

  Thamsborg, K. K. M., Hansen, M. S., Scheutz, C., Klintø, K., Kjeldsen, P., Kvisgaard, L. K., Jensen, H. E., Hjerpe, F. B., Lohse, L., Rasmussen, T. B., Rasmussen, L. D., Bedsted, A. E., Belsham, G. J., Leisner, J. J. & Dalsgaard, A., 2024, In: Scientific Reports. 14, 19440.

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• Porcine respiratory coronavirus genome sequences; comparisons and relationships to transmissible gastroenteritis viruses

  Bedsted, A. E., Rasmussen, T. B., Martinenghi, L. D., Bøtner, A., Nauwynck, H. & Belsham, G. J., 2024, In: Virology. 595, 11 p., 110072.

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• The pseudoknot region and poly-(C) tract comprise an essential RNA packaging signal for assembly of foot-and-mouth disease virus

  Neil, C., Newman, J., Stonehouse, N. J., Rowlands, D. J., Belsham, G. J. & Tuthill, T. J., 2024, In: PLoS Pathogens. 20, 12, 26 p., e1012283.

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• Use of a Novel Feeding System to Assess the Survival of a Very Stable Mammalian Virus, Porcine Parvovirus, Within Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae: A Comparison with Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Larvae

  Lecocq, A., Farias Alencar, A. L., Lazov, C. M., Rajiuddin, S. M., Bøtner, A. G. & Belsham, G. J., 2024, In: Pathogens. 13, 13 p., 1038.

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• 2023

  Bioexposure assays to assess uptake and survival of viruses in mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

  Lecocq, A., Olesen, A. S., Lazov, C. M., Rajiuddin, S. M., Jensen, A. B., Lohse, L., Rasmussen, T. B., Belsham, G. J. & Bøtner, A., 2023, In: Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 9, 9, p. 1165-1175

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• Detection of African Swine Fever Virus and Blood Meals of Porcine Origin in Hematophagous Insects Collected Adjacent to a High-Biosecurity Pig Farm in Lithuania; A Smoking Gun?

  Olesen, A. S., Stelder, J. J., Tjørnehøj, K., Johnston, C. M., Lohse, L., Kjær, L. J., Boklund, A. E., Bøtner, A., Belsham, G. J., Bødker, R. & Rasmussen, T. B., 2023, In: Viruses. 15, 6, 1255.

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• Field Evaluation of a Safe, Easy, and Low-Cost Protocol for Shipment of Samples from Suspected Cases of Foot-and-Mouth Disease to Diagnostic Laboratories

  Romey, A., Ularamu, H. G., Bulut, A., Jamal, S. M., Khan, S., Ishaq, M., Eschbaumer, M., Belsham, G. J., Bernelin-Cottet, C., Relmy, A., Gondard, M., Benfrid, S., Wungak, Y. S., Hamers, C., Hudelet, P., Zientara, S., Kassimi, L. B. & Blaise-Boisseau, S., 2023, In: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2023, 15 p., 9555213.

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• Increased Presence of Circulating Cell-Free, Fragmented, Host DNA in Pigs Infected with Virulent African Swine Fever Virus

  Olesen, A. S., Lohse, L., Johnston, C. M., Rasmussen, T. B., Bøtner, A. & Belsham, G. J., 2023, In: Viruses. 15, 10, 15 p., 2133.

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• Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Detection and Differentiation of Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses

  Lazov, C. M., Papetti, A., Belsham, G. J., Bøtner, A., Rasmussen, T. B. & Boniotti, M. B., 2023, In: Pathogens. 12, 8, 1040.

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• Potential for Introduction of African Swine Fever Virus into High-Biosecurity Pig Farms by Flying Hematophagous Insects

  Stelder, J. J., Olesen, A. S., Belsham, G. J. J., Rasmussen, T. B., Botner, A., Kjaer, L. J., Boklund, A. E. & Bodker, R., 2023, In: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2023, 15 p., 8787621.

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• Unbiased Virus Detection in a Danish Zoo Using a Portable Metagenomic Sequencing System

  Fomsgaard, A. S., Tahas, S. A., Spiess, K., Polacek, C., Fonager, J. & Belsham, G. J., 2023, In: Viruses. 15, 6, 1399.

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• Uptake and Survival of African Swine Fever Virus in Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae

  Olesen, A. S., Lazov, C. M., Lecocq, A., Accensi, F., Jensen, A. B., Lohse, L., Rasmussen, T. B., Belsham, G. J. & Bøtner, A., 2023, In: Pathogens. 12, 15 p., 47.

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• 2022

  A Multi-Laboratory Comparison of Methods for Detection and Quantification of African Swine Fever Virus

  Olesen, A. S., Rasmussen, T. B., Nielsen, S. S., Belsham, G. J., Boklund, A., Ploegaert, T., Moonen-Leusen, B., Blome, S. & Bøtner, A., 2022, In: Pathogens. 11, p. 1-14 14 p., 325.

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• Estimating transmission dynamics of African swine fever virus from experimental studies

  Main, A. R., Halasa, T., Olesen, A. S., Lohse, L., Rasmussen, T. B., Belsham, G. J., Boklund, A., Bøtner, A. & Christiansen, L. E., 2022, In: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 69, 6, p. 3858-3867

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• Experimental Infection of Pigs with Recent European Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses

  Lazov, C. M., Lohse, L., Belsham, G. J., Rasmussen, T. B. & Bøtner, A., 2022, In: Viruses. 14, 12, 2751.

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• Experimental Infections of Pigs with African Swine Fever Virus (Genotype II); Studies in Young Animals and Pregnant Sows

  Lohse, L., Nielsen, J., Uttenthal, Å., Olesen, A. S., Strandbygaard, B., Rasmussen, T. B., Belsham, G. J. & Bøtner, A., 2022, In: Viruses. 14, 7, 1387.

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  6 Citations (Scopus)

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• Improvements in metagenomic virus detection by simple pretreatment methods

  Fomsgaard, A. S., Rasmussen, M., Spiess, K., Fomsgaard, A., Belsham, G. J. & Fonager, J., 2022, In: Journal of Clinical Virology Plus. 2, 4, 100120.

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• Influence of African Swine Fever Virus on Host Gene Transcription within Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Infected Pigs

  Olesen, A. S., Kodama, M., Skovgaard, K., Møbjerg, A., Lohse, L., Limborg, M. T., Bøtner, A. & Belsham, G. J., 2022, In: Viruses. 14, 10, 2147.

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• The N-terminal region (VP4) of the foot-and-mouth disease capsid precursor (P1-2A) is not required during its synthesis to allow subsequent processing by the 3C protease

  Kristensen, T., Normann, P. & Belsham, G. J., 2022, In: Virology. 570, p. 29-34 6 p.

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• 2021

  Foot-and-mouth disease in animals

  Belsham, G. J., Bøtner, A. G. & Lohse, L., 2021, MSD Manual-Veterinary Manual.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Book chapter › Communication

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• Foot-and-mouth disease viruses of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e sublineage in Pakistan

  Jamal, S. M., Khan, S., Knowles, N. J., Wadsworth, J., Hicks, H. M., Mioulet, V., Bin-Tarif, A., Ludi, A. B., Shah, S. A. A., Abubakar, M., Manzoor, S., Afzal, M., Eschbaumer, M., King, D. P. & Belsham, G. J., 2021, In: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 68, 6, p. 3126-3135 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
  11 Citations (Scopus)

• Full-genome sequences of alphacoronaviruses and astroviruses from myotis and pipistrelle bats in denmark

  Lazov, C. M., Belsham, G. J., Bøtner, A. & Rasmussen, T. B., 2021, In: Viruses. 13, 6, 1073.

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• Heat inactivation of foot-and-mouth disease virus, swine vesicular disease virus and classical swine fever virus when air-dried on plastic and glass surfaces

  Kristensen, T., Belsham, G. J. & Tjørnehøj, K., 2021, In: Biosafety and Health. 3, 4, p. 217-223

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• Identification of African swine fever virus transcription within peripheral blood mononuclear cells of acutely infected pigs

  Olesen, A. S., Kodama, M., Lohse, L., Accensi, F., Rasmussen, T. B., Lazov, C. M., Limborg, M. T., Gilbert, M. T. P., Bøtner, A. & Belsham, G. J., 2021, In: Viruses. 13, 11, 2333.

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• Infection, recovery and re-infection of farmed mink with SARS-CoV-2

  Rasmussen, T. B., Fonager, J., Jørgensen, C. S., Lassaunière, R., Hammer, A. S., Quaade, M. L., Boklund, A., Lohse, L., Strandbygaard, B., Rasmussen, M., Michaelsen, T. Y., Mortensen, S., Fomsgaard, A., Belsham, G. J. & Bøtner, A., 2021, In: PLOS Pathogens. 17, 11, e1010068.

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• In vitro Characterization of Fitness and Convalescent Antibody Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Cluster 5 Variant Emerging in Mink at Danish Farms

  Lassaunière, R., Fonager, J., Rasmussen, M., Frische, A., Polacek, C., Rasmussen, T. B., Lohse, L., Belsham, G. J., Underwood, A., Winckelmann, A. A., Bollerup, S., Bukh, J., Weis, N., Sækmose, S. G., Aagaard, B., Alfaro-Núñez, A., Mølbak, K., Bøtner, A. & Fomsgaard, A., 2021, In: Frontiers in Microbiology. 12, 9 p., 698944.

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• Picornaviruses: A View from 3A

  Jackson, T. & Belsham, G. J., 2021, In: Viruses. 13, 3

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• Preliminary report of an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in mink and mink farmers associated with community spread, Denmark, June to November 2020

  Larsen, H. D., Fonager, J., Lomholt, F. K., Dalby, T., Benedetti, G., Kristensen, B., Urth, T. R., Rasmussen, M., Lassaunière, R., Rasmussen, T. B., Strandbygaard, B., Lohse, L., Chaine, M., Møller, K. L., Berthelsen, A. S. N., Nørgaard, S. K., Sönksen, U. W., Boklund, A. E., Hammer, A. S. & Belsham, G. J. & 5 others, Krause, T. G., Mortensen, S., Bøtner, A., Fomsgaard, A. & Mølbak, K., 2021, In: Eurosurveillance. 26, 5, 6 p.

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• SARS-CoV-2 in Danish Mink Farms: Course of the Epidemic and a Descriptive Analysis of the Outbreaks in 2020

  Boklund, A., Hammer, A. S., Quaade, M. L., Rasmussen, T. B., Lohse, L., Strandbygaard, B., Jørgensen, C. S., Olesen, A. S., Hjerpe, F. B., Petersen, H. H., Jensen, T. K., Mortensen, S., Calvo-Artavia, F. F., Lefèvre, S. K., Nielsen, S. S., Halasa, T., Belsham, G. J. & Bøtner, A., 2021, In: Animals. 11, 1, p. 1-16 16 p., 164.

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• SARS-CoV-2 transmission between mink (neovison vison) and Humans, Denmark

  Hammer, A. S., Quaade, M. L., Rasmussen, T. B., Fonager, J., Rasmussen, M., Mundbjerg, K., Lohse, L., Strandbygaard, B., Jørgensen, C. S., Alfaro-Núñez, A., Rosenstierne, M. W., Boklund, A., Halasa, T., Fomsgaard, A., Belsham, G. J. & Bøtner, A., 2021, In: Emerging Infectious Diseases . 27, 2, p. 547-551 5 p.

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• 2020

  Analysis of virus population profiles within pigs infected with virulent Classical Swine Fever viruses; evidence for bottlenecks in transmission but absence of tissue specific virus variants

  Johnston, C. M., Fahnøe, U., Lohse, L., Bukh, J., Belsham, G. J. & Rasmussen, T. B., 2020, In: Journal of Virology. 94, 19, 20 p., e01119-20.

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  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Animal models for COVID-19: More to the picture than ACE2, rodents, ferrets and non-human 1 primates. A case for porcine respiratory coronavirus and the obese Ossabaw pig

  Heegaard, P. M. H., Sturek, M., Alloosh, M. & Belsham, G. J., 2020, In: Frontiers in Microbiology. 11, 6 p., 573756.

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• Coronavirus i danske produktionsdyr, kæledyr og vilde dyre

  Belsham, G. J., Larsen, L., Ryt-Hansen, P., Rasmussen, T. B. & Bøtner, A. G., 2020, In: Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift. 2020, 03, p. 24-25

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• Evidence for multiple recombination events within foot-and-mouth disease viruses circulating in West Eurasia

  Jamal, S. M., Nazem Shirazi, M. H., Ozyoruk, F., Parlak, U., Normann, P. & Belsham, G. J., 2020, In: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 67, 2, p. 979-993

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• Foot-and-mouth disease virus: Prospects for using knowledge of virus biology to improve control of this continuing global threat

  Belsham, G. J., Kristensen, T. & Jackson, T., 2020, In: Virus Research. 281, 197909.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › peer-review
  37 Citations (Scopus)

• Identification of specific amino acid residues in the border disease virus glycoprotein E2 that modify virus growth in pig cells but not in sheep cells

  Fahnøe, U., Deng, Y., Davids, N. A., Lohse, L., Bukh, J., Belsham, G. J. & Rasmussen, T. B., 2020, In: The Journal of general virology. 101, 11, p. 1170-1181

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  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Potential routes for indirect transmission of African swine fever virus into domestic pig herds

  Olesen, A. S., Belsham, G. J., Bruun Rasmussen, T., Lohse, L., Bødker, R., Halasa, T., Boklund, A. & Bøtner, A., 2020, In: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 67, 4, p. 1472-1484

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  49 Citations (Scopus)

• RE: Pigs must enter the rat race to coronavirus answers

  Sturek, M., Heegaard, P., Belsham, G. J. & Alloosh, M., 2020, In: Science. Online comment, 1 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › Research
  37 Citations (Scopus)

• Towards improvements in foot-and-mouth disease vaccine performance

  Belsham, G. J., 2020, In: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 62, 1, 12 p., 20.

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• Veterinær betydning af COVID-19

  Belsham, G. J., Rasmussen, T. B. & Bøtner, A. G., 2020, In: Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift. 2020, 04, p. 16-17

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• 2019

  Diagnostic comparison of serum and EDTA-stabilized blood samples for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA by RT-qPCR

  Fontél, K. S., Bøtner, A., Belsham, G. J. & Lohse, L., 2019, In: Journal of Virological Methods. 270, p. 120-125 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
  8 Citations (Scopus)

• Identification of a short, highly conserved, motif required for picornavirus capsid precursor processing at distal sites

  Kristensen, T. & Belsham, G. J., 2019, In: PLOS Pathogens. 15, 22 p., e1007509.

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• Identification of plasticity and interactions of a highly conserved motif within a picornavirus capsid precursor required for virus infectivity

  Kristensen, T. & Belsham, G. J., 2019, In: Scientific Reports. 9, 1, 10 p., 11747.

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