β-Indolyloxy Functionalized Aspartate Analogs as Inhibitors of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs)

The excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) mediate uptake of the major excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate (Glu). The essential functions governed by these transporters in regulating the central Glu level make them interesting therapeutic targets in a wide range of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. L-Aspartate (Asp), another EAAT substrate, has served as a privileged scaffold for the development of EAAT inhibitors. In this study, we designed and synthesized the first beta-indolyloxy Asp analogs 15a-d with the aim to probe a hitherto unexplored adjacent pocket to the substrate binding site. The pharmacological properties of 15a-d were characterized at hEAAT1-3 and rEAAT4 in a conventional [H-3]-D-Asp uptake assay. Notably, thiophene analog 15b and the Para-trifluoromethyl phenyl analog 15d were found to be hEAAT1,2-preferring inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values in the high nanomolar range (0.21-0.71 mu M) at these two transporters versus IC50 values in the low micromolar range at EAAT3,4 (1.6-8.9 mu M). In summary, the results presented herein open up for further structure-activity relationship studies of this new scaffold.