TY - JOUR
T1 - A 5700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome from chewed birch pitch
AU - Jensen, Theis Z. T.
AU - Niemann, Jonas
AU - Iversen, Katrine Højholt
AU - Fotakis, Anna K.
AU - Gopalakrishnan, Shyam
AU - Vågene, Åshild J.
AU - Pedersen, Mikkel Winther
AU - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.
AU - Ellegaard, Martin R.
AU - Allentoft, Morten E.
AU - Lanigan, Liam T.
AU - Taurozzi, Alberto J.
AU - Nielsen, Sofie Holtsmark
AU - Dee, Michael W.
AU - Mortensen, Martin N.
AU - Christensen, Mads C.
AU - Sørensen, Søren A.
AU - Collins, Matthew J.
AU - Gilbert, M. Thomas P.
AU - Sikora, Martin
AU - Rasmussen, Simon
AU - Schroeder, Hannes
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - The rise of ancient genomics has revolutionised our understanding of human prehistory but this work depends on the availability of suitable samples. Here we present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a 5700 year-old piece of chewed birch pitch from Denmark. We sequence the human genome to an average depth of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the pitch was female and that she was genetically more closely related to western hunter-gatherers from mainland Europe than hunter-gatherers from central Scandinavia. We also find that she likely had dark skin, dark brown hair and blue eyes. In addition, we identify DNA fragments from several bacterial and viral taxa, including Epstein-Barr virus, as well as animal and plant DNA, which may have derived from a recent meal. The results highlight the potential of chewed birch pitch as a source of ancient DNA.
AB - The rise of ancient genomics has revolutionised our understanding of human prehistory but this work depends on the availability of suitable samples. Here we present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a 5700 year-old piece of chewed birch pitch from Denmark. We sequence the human genome to an average depth of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the pitch was female and that she was genetically more closely related to western hunter-gatherers from mainland Europe than hunter-gatherers from central Scandinavia. We also find that she likely had dark skin, dark brown hair and blue eyes. In addition, we identify DNA fragments from several bacterial and viral taxa, including Epstein-Barr virus, as well as animal and plant DNA, which may have derived from a recent meal. The results highlight the potential of chewed birch pitch as a source of ancient DNA.
U2 - 10.1038/s41467-019-13549-9
DO - 10.1038/s41467-019-13549-9
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31848342
AN - SCOPUS:85076602036
VL - 10
JO - Nature Communications
JF - Nature Communications
SN - 2041-1723
M1 - 5520
ER -