A nondegenerate code of deleterious variants in mendelian Loci contributes to complex disease risk

David R Blair, Christopher S Lyttle, Jonathan M Mortensen, Charles F Bearden, Anders Boeck Jensen, Hossein Khiabanian, Rachel Melamed, Raul Rabadan, Elmer V Bernstam, Søren Brunak, Lars Juhl Jensen, Dan Nicolae, Nigam H Shah, Robert L Grossman, Nancy J Cox, Kevin P White, Andrey Rzhetsky

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158 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Although countless highly penetrant variants have been associated with Mendelian disorders, the genetic etiologies underlying complex diseases remain largely unresolved. By mining the medical records of over 110 million patients, we examine the extent to which Mendelian variation contributes to complex disease risk. We detect thousands of associations between Mendelian and complex diseases, revealing a nondegenerate, phenotypic code that links each complex disorder to a unique collection of Mendelian loci. Using genome-wide association results, we demonstrate that common variants associated with complex diseases are enriched in the genes indicated by this "Mendelian code." Finally, we detect hundreds of comorbidity associations among Mendelian disorders, and we use probabilistic genetic modeling to demonstrate that Mendelian variants likely contribute nonadditively to the risk for a subset of complex diseases. Overall, this study illustrates a complementary approach for mapping complex disease loci and provides unique predictions concerning the etiologies of specific diseases.
Original languageEnglish
JournalCell
Volume155
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)70-80
Number of pages11
ISSN0092-8674
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 26 Sep 2013

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