Abstract
Objectives:
Recent trends towards socioeconomic and demographic transition have led to simultaneous increase in multiple cardiometabolic (CM) risk markers such as overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) worldwide. This study assesses the multiple CM risk factors and their association with socioeconomic status among semi-urban population of Nepal.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted, including 2,310 adults aged 25–64 years from a semi-urban Pokhara-Lekhnath area using World Health Organization-STEPS questionnaire. Respondents were categorized as singly morbid (DM; HTN; Overweight/obese), doubly morbid (DM and HTN; Overweight/ Obese and HTN; Overweight/ Obese and HTN; Overweight/ Obese and DM), and triply morbid (Overweight/ Obese and DM and HTN).
Results:
The mean age of the respondents was 47.37 ± 9.9 years, with 68% being females. In total 65% were hypertensive with ≥130/80 mmHg, 11.7% had diabetes with ≥7.0 mmol/l fasting glucose and 62.6% were overweight/obese. Only 16.2% of participants did not have any CM risk factors while 36.9% were singly morbid. Remaining 46.9% respondents had clustering of risk factors (≥two risk factors). Of them, 39.3% and 7.6% participants were doubly and triply morbid, respectively. Increasing age and indigenous ethnicity were significantly associated across singly, doubly and triply morbid conditions (p < 0.01).
Conclusion:
Our study found a high prevalence and clustering of multiple CM risk factors at individual level, highlighting the maturation of CM syndemics from single to multiple CM risk factors in Nepal. This serves as a wake-up call for action for planning of health services for prevention and management of multiple CM risk factors together.
Recent trends towards socioeconomic and demographic transition have led to simultaneous increase in multiple cardiometabolic (CM) risk markers such as overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) worldwide. This study assesses the multiple CM risk factors and their association with socioeconomic status among semi-urban population of Nepal.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted, including 2,310 adults aged 25–64 years from a semi-urban Pokhara-Lekhnath area using World Health Organization-STEPS questionnaire. Respondents were categorized as singly morbid (DM; HTN; Overweight/obese), doubly morbid (DM and HTN; Overweight/ Obese and HTN; Overweight/ Obese and HTN; Overweight/ Obese and DM), and triply morbid (Overweight/ Obese and DM and HTN).
Results:
The mean age of the respondents was 47.37 ± 9.9 years, with 68% being females. In total 65% were hypertensive with ≥130/80 mmHg, 11.7% had diabetes with ≥7.0 mmol/l fasting glucose and 62.6% were overweight/obese. Only 16.2% of participants did not have any CM risk factors while 36.9% were singly morbid. Remaining 46.9% respondents had clustering of risk factors (≥two risk factors). Of them, 39.3% and 7.6% participants were doubly and triply morbid, respectively. Increasing age and indigenous ethnicity were significantly associated across singly, doubly and triply morbid conditions (p < 0.01).
Conclusion:
Our study found a high prevalence and clustering of multiple CM risk factors at individual level, highlighting the maturation of CM syndemics from single to multiple CM risk factors in Nepal. This serves as a wake-up call for action for planning of health services for prevention and management of multiple CM risk factors together.
Original language | English |
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Article number | e19 |
Journal | Journal of Hypertension |
Volume | 36 |
ISSN | 0952-1178 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2018 |