Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade

J. Adams; M. Ahlers; J. Braun; Z. Chen; S. Choi; S. Deng; M. Dittmer; R. Engel; J. Evans; L. Fischer; A. Garcia; S. Goswami; S. J. Gray; K. M. Groth; C. Günther; M. Jansson; B. J.P. Jones; D. Kang; M. Karl; D. J. Koskinen; T. Kozynets; A. Kumar; M. J. Larson; J. W. Lee; Y. T. Liu; Y. Lyu; J. Madsen; J. V. Mead; M. Meier; M. Neumann; R. Orsoe; N. Park; L. Paul; M. Plum; M. Ravn; A. Rehman; S. Reusch; A. Rosted; S. Sarkar; S. Sarkar; B. Schlüter; T. Schmidt; R. Shah; A. Søgaard; T. Stuttard; A. Wang; M. Wolf; X. W. Xu; S. Yu; Z. Zhang; Icecube Collaboration

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07038

Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade

J. Adams, M. Ahlers, J. Braun, Z. Chen, S. Choi, S. Deng, M. Dittmer, R. Engel, J. Evans, L. Fischer, A. Garcia, S. Goswami, S. J. Gray, K. M. Groth, C. Günther, M. Jansson, B. J.P. Jones, D. Kang, M. Karl, D. J. KoskinenT. Kozynets, A. Kumar, M. J. Larson, J. W. Lee, Y. T. Liu, Y. Lyu, J. Madsen, J. V. Mead, M. Meier, M. Neumann, R. Orsoe, N. Park, L. Paul, M. Plum, M. Ravn, A. Rehman, S. Reusch, A. Rosted, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, B. Schlüter, T. Schmidt, R. Shah, A. Søgaard, T. Stuttard, A. Wang, M. Wolf, X. W. Xu, S. Yu, Z. Zhang, Icecube Collaboration

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

More than 10 000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80 mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than 1000 PMTs per week with both sites was achieved with a modular design of the testing facilities and highly automated testing procedures. The testing facilities can easily be adapted to other PMTs, such that they can, e.g., be re-used for testing the PMTs for IceCube-Gen2. Single photoelectron response, high voltage dependence, time resolution, prepulse, late pulse, afterpulse probabilities, and dark rates were measured for each PMT. We describe the design of the testing facilities, the testing procedures, and the results of the acceptance tests.

Original language	English
Article number	P07038
Journal	Journal of Instrumentation
Volume	19
Issue number	7
Number of pages	27
ISSN	1748-0221
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07038
Publication status	Published - 29 Jul 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s).

Keywords

Cherenkov detectors; Neutrino detectors; Photon detectors for UV
HPDs
others)
visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers

Access to Document

10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07038Licence: CC BY

FulltextFinal published version, 18.1 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Adams, J., Ahlers, M., Braun, J., Chen, Z., Choi, S., Deng, S., Dittmer, M., Engel, R., Evans, J., Fischer, L., Garcia, A., Goswami, S., Gray, S. J., Groth, K. M., Günther, C., Jansson, M., Jones, B. J. P., Kang, D., Karl, M., ... Icecube Collaboration (2024). Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade. Journal of Instrumentation, 19(7), [P07038]. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07038

Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade. / Adams, J.; Ahlers, M.; Braun, J.; Chen, Z.; Choi, S.; Deng, S.; Dittmer, M.; Engel, R.; Evans, J.; Fischer, L.; Garcia, A.; Goswami, S.; Gray, S. J.; Groth, K. M.; Günther, C.; Jansson, M.; Jones, B. J.P.; Kang, D.; Karl, M.; Koskinen, D. J.; Kozynets, T.; Kumar, A.; Larson, M. J.; Lee, J. W.; Liu, Y. T.; Lyu, Y.; Madsen, J.; Mead, J. V.; Meier, M.; Neumann, M.; Orsoe, R.; Park, N.; Paul, L.; Plum, M.; Ravn, M.; Rehman, A.; Reusch, S.; Rosted, A.; Sarkar, S.; Sarkar, S.; Schlüter, B.; Schmidt, T.; Shah, R.; Søgaard, A.; Stuttard, T.; Wang, A.; Wolf, M.; Xu, X. W.; Yu, S.; Zhang, Z.; Icecube Collaboration.

In: Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 19, No. 7, P07038, 29.07.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Adams, J, Ahlers, M, Braun, J, Chen, Z, Choi, S, Deng, S, Dittmer, M, Engel, R, Evans, J, Fischer, L, Garcia, A, Goswami, S, Gray, SJ, Groth, KM, Günther, C, Jansson, M, Jones, BJP, Kang, D, Karl, M, Koskinen, DJ, Kozynets, T, Kumar, A, Larson, MJ, Lee, JW, Liu, YT, Lyu, Y, Madsen, J, Mead, JV, Meier, M, Neumann, M, Orsoe, R, Park, N, Paul, L, Plum, M, Ravn, M, Rehman, A, Reusch, S, Rosted, A, Sarkar, S, Sarkar, S, Schlüter, B, Schmidt, T, Shah, R, Søgaard, A, Stuttard, T, Wang, A, Wolf, M, Xu, XW, Yu, S, Zhang, Z & Icecube Collaboration 2024, 'Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade', Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 19, no. 7, P07038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07038

Adams, J. ; Ahlers, M. ; Braun, J. ; Chen, Z. ; Choi, S. ; Deng, S. ; Dittmer, M. ; Engel, R. ; Evans, J. ; Fischer, L. ; Garcia, A. ; Goswami, S. ; Gray, S. J. ; Groth, K. M. ; Günther, C. ; Jansson, M. ; Jones, B. J.P. ; Kang, D. ; Karl, M. ; Koskinen, D. J. ; Kozynets, T. ; Kumar, A. ; Larson, M. J. ; Lee, J. W. ; Liu, Y. T. ; Lyu, Y. ; Madsen, J. ; Mead, J. V. ; Meier, M. ; Neumann, M. ; Orsoe, R. ; Park, N. ; Paul, L. ; Plum, M. ; Ravn, M. ; Rehman, A. ; Reusch, S. ; Rosted, A. ; Sarkar, S. ; Sarkar, S. ; Schlüter, B. ; Schmidt, T. ; Shah, R. ; Søgaard, A. ; Stuttard, T. ; Wang, A. ; Wolf, M. ; Xu, X. W. ; Yu, S. ; Zhang, Z. ; Icecube Collaboration. / Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade. In: Journal of Instrumentation. 2024 ; Vol. 19, No. 7.

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abstract = "More than 10 000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80 mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than 1000 PMTs per week with both sites was achieved with a modular design of the testing facilities and highly automated testing procedures. The testing facilities can easily be adapted to other PMTs, such that they can, e.g., be re-used for testing the PMTs for IceCube-Gen2. Single photoelectron response, high voltage dependence, time resolution, prepulse, late pulse, afterpulse probabilities, and dark rates were measured for each PMT. We describe the design of the testing facilities, the testing procedures, and the results of the acceptance tests.",

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author = "J. Adams and M. Ahlers and J. Braun and Z. Chen and S. Choi and S. Deng and M. Dittmer and R. Engel and J. Evans and L. Fischer and A. Garcia and S. Goswami and Gray, {S. J.} and Groth, {K. M.} and C. G{\"u}nther and M. Jansson and Jones, {B. J.P.} and D. Kang and M. Karl and Koskinen, {D. J.} and T. Kozynets and A. Kumar and Larson, {M. J.} and Lee, {J. W.} and Liu, {Y. T.} and Y. Lyu and J. Madsen and Mead, {J. V.} and M. Meier and M. Neumann and R. Orsoe and N. Park and L. Paul and M. Plum and M. Ravn and A. Rehman and S. Reusch and A. Rosted and S. Sarkar and S. Sarkar and B. Schl{\"u}ter and T. Schmidt and R. Shah and A. S{\o}gaard and T. Stuttard and A. Wang and M. Wolf and Xu, {X. W.} and S. Yu and Z. Zhang and {Icecube Collaboration}",

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AU - Ahlers, M.

AU - Braun, J.

AU - Chen, Z.

AU - Choi, S.

AU - Deng, S.

AU - Dittmer, M.

AU - Engel, R.

AU - Evans, J.

AU - Fischer, L.

AU - Garcia, A.

AU - Goswami, S.

AU - Gray, S. J.

AU - Groth, K. M.

AU - Günther, C.

AU - Jansson, M.

AU - Jones, B. J.P.

AU - Kang, D.

AU - Karl, M.

AU - Koskinen, D. J.

AU - Kozynets, T.

AU - Kumar, A.

AU - Larson, M. J.

AU - Lee, J. W.

AU - Liu, Y. T.

AU - Lyu, Y.

AU - Madsen, J.

AU - Mead, J. V.

AU - Meier, M.

AU - Neumann, M.

AU - Orsoe, R.

AU - Park, N.

AU - Paul, L.

AU - Plum, M.

AU - Ravn, M.

AU - Rehman, A.

AU - Reusch, S.

AU - Rosted, A.

AU - Sarkar, S.

AU - Schlüter, B.

AU - Schmidt, T.

AU - Shah, R.

AU - Søgaard, A.

AU - Stuttard, T.

AU - Wang, A.

AU - Wolf, M.

AU - Xu, X. W.

AU - Yu, S.

AU - Zhang, Z.

AU - Icecube Collaboration

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AB - More than 10 000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with a diameter of 80 mm will be installed in multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules (mDOMs) of the IceCube Upgrade. These have been tested and pre-calibrated at two sites. A throughput of more than 1000 PMTs per week with both sites was achieved with a modular design of the testing facilities and highly automated testing procedures. The testing facilities can easily be adapted to other PMTs, such that they can, e.g., be re-used for testing the PMTs for IceCube-Gen2. Single photoelectron response, high voltage dependence, time resolution, prepulse, late pulse, afterpulse probabilities, and dark rates were measured for each PMT. We describe the design of the testing facilities, the testing procedures, and the results of the acceptance tests.

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KW - HPDs

KW - others)

KW - visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers

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DO - 10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07038

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JO - Journal of Instrumentation

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