Acyl-CoA metabolism and partitioning

Trisha J Grevengoed, Eric L Klett, Rosalind A Coleman

    Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

    316 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme As (CoAs) are critical regulatory molecules and metabolic intermediates. The initial step in their synthesis is the activation of fatty acids by one of 13 long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase isoforms. These isoforms are regulated independently and have different tissue expression patterns and subcellular locations. Their acyl-CoA products regulate metabolic enzymes and signaling pathways, become oxidized to provide cellular energy, and are incorporated into acylated proteins and complex lipids such as triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters. Their differing metabolic fates are determined by a network of proteins that channel the acyl-CoAs toward or away from specific metabolic pathways and serve as the basis for partitioning. This review evaluates the evidence for acyl-CoA partitioning by reviewing experimental data on proteins that are believed to contribute to acyl-CoA channeling, the metabolic consequences of loss of these proteins, and the potential role of maladaptive acyl-CoA partitioning in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease and carcinogenesis.

    Original languageEnglish
    JournalAnnual Review of Nutrition
    Volume34
    Pages (from-to)1-30
    Number of pages30
    ISSN0199-9885
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2014

    Keywords

    • Acyl Coenzyme A
    • Animals
    • Cell Membrane
    • Coenzyme A Ligases
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum
    • Fatty Acid Transport Proteins
    • Gene Expression Regulation
    • Humans
    • Lipid Metabolism
    • Models, Biological
    • Protein Isoforms
    • Protein Transport

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