Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective

Amaya Azqueta, Carina Ladeira, Lisa Giovannelli, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Stefano Bonassi, Monica Neri, Goran Gajski, Susan Duthie, Cristian Del Bo’, Patrizia Riso, Gudrun Koppen, Nursen Basaran, Andrew Collins, Peter Møller*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReviewResearchpeer-review

110 Citations (Scopus)
25 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are inter-related (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.

Original languageEnglish
Article number108288
JournalMutation Research - Reviews in Mutation Research
Volume783
Number of pages20
ISSN1383-5742
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020

Keywords

  • Comet assay
  • DNA damage
  • Fpg-sensitive sites
  • Human biomonitoring
  • Statistical analysis

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