TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of maternal and paternal personality disorders with risk of mental disorders in children
T2 - A nationwide, register-based cohort study of 1,406,965 children
AU - Gjøde, Ida Christine Tholstrup
AU - Laursen, Thomas Munk
AU - Müller, Anne Dorothee
AU - Ranning, Anne
AU - Moszkowicz, Mala
AU - Hemager, Nicoline
AU - Speyer, Helene
AU - Hjorthøj, Carsten
AU - Nordentoft, Merete
AU - Thorup, Anne Amalie Elgaard
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: Knowledge of the association between parental personality disorders and mental disorders in children is limited. To examine the association between parental personality disorders and the risk of mental disorders in offspring. Methods: We linked Danish health registers to create a cohort of children born from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2016. Children were followed until their 18th birthday, diagnosis set, emigration, death, or December 31, 2016. Parental personality disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Eighth or 10th Revision. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate the incidence risk ratio (IRR) and cumulative incidence of ICD 10th mental disorders in offspring (age 0–17). Results: The study cohort included 1,406,965 children. For girls, maternal or paternal personality disorder (MPD/PPD) was associated with mental disorders: MPD girls (IRR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.59–2.89) and PPD girls (IRR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.94–2.27). Likewise, the risk was increased for both MPD boys (IRR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.33–2.56) and PPD boys (IRR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.91–2.18). For girls and boys combined, exposure to two parents with a personality disorder was associated with the highest risk (IRR, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.15–4.33). At age 18, the cumulative incidence of any mental disorder in children of one or two parents with a personality disorder was 34.1% (95% CI, 33.0–35.1), which was twice the cumulative incidence of mental disorders in nonexposed children (15.2% [95% CI, 15.1–15.3]). Conclusion: Children of parents with a personality disorder were at a 2 to 3.5 times higher risk of mental disorders compared with nonexposed offspring. Possible mechanisms of transmission of mental disorders from parent to child involve genetic, environmental, and gene–environment pathways. More research into these mechanisms and research into preventive interventions is warranted.
AB - Background: Knowledge of the association between parental personality disorders and mental disorders in children is limited. To examine the association between parental personality disorders and the risk of mental disorders in offspring. Methods: We linked Danish health registers to create a cohort of children born from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2016. Children were followed until their 18th birthday, diagnosis set, emigration, death, or December 31, 2016. Parental personality disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Eighth or 10th Revision. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate the incidence risk ratio (IRR) and cumulative incidence of ICD 10th mental disorders in offspring (age 0–17). Results: The study cohort included 1,406,965 children. For girls, maternal or paternal personality disorder (MPD/PPD) was associated with mental disorders: MPD girls (IRR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.59–2.89) and PPD girls (IRR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.94–2.27). Likewise, the risk was increased for both MPD boys (IRR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.33–2.56) and PPD boys (IRR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.91–2.18). For girls and boys combined, exposure to two parents with a personality disorder was associated with the highest risk (IRR, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.15–4.33). At age 18, the cumulative incidence of any mental disorder in children of one or two parents with a personality disorder was 34.1% (95% CI, 33.0–35.1), which was twice the cumulative incidence of mental disorders in nonexposed children (15.2% [95% CI, 15.1–15.3]). Conclusion: Children of parents with a personality disorder were at a 2 to 3.5 times higher risk of mental disorders compared with nonexposed offspring. Possible mechanisms of transmission of mental disorders from parent to child involve genetic, environmental, and gene–environment pathways. More research into these mechanisms and research into preventive interventions is warranted.
KW - antisocial
KW - borderline
KW - children of parents with a mental illness
KW - epidemiology
KW - familial high-risk children
KW - offspring
U2 - 10.1111/acps.13648
DO - 10.1111/acps.13648
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 38145901
AN - SCOPUS:85180873230
VL - 149
SP - 195
EP - 206
JO - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
JF - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
SN - 0001-690X
IS - 3
ER -