Biomarkers of nucleic acid oxidation: A summary state-of-the-art

Mu-Rong Chao, Mark D. Evans, Chiung-Wen Hu, Yunhee Ji, Peter Møller, Pavel Rossner, Marcus S. Cooke*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

56 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Oxidatively generated damage to DNA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Increasingly, interest is also focusing upon the effects of damage to the other nucleic acids, RNA and the (2?deoxy-)ribonucleotide pools, and evidence is growing that these too may have an important role in disease. LCMS/MS has the ability to provide absolute quantification of specific biomarkers, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2?deoxyGuo (8-oxodG), in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and 8-oxoGuo in RNA. However, significant quantities of tissue are needed, limiting its use in human biomonitoring studies. In contrast, the comet assay requires much less material, and as little as 5 ?L of blood may be used, offering a minimally invasive means of assessing oxidative stress in vivo, but this is restricted to nuclear DNA damage only. Urine is an ideal matrix in which to non-invasively study nucleic acid-derived biomarkers of oxidative stress, and considerable progress has been made towards robustly validating these measurements, not least through the efforts of the European Standards Committee on Urinary (DNA) Lesion Analysis. For urine, LC-MS/MS is considered the gold standard approach, and although there have been improvements to the ELISA methodology, this is largely limited to 8oxodG. Emerging DNA adductomics approaches, which either comprehensively assess the totality of adducts in DNA, or map DNA damage across the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, offer the potential to considerably advance our understanding of the mechanistic role of oxidatively damaged nucleic acids in disease.

Original languageEnglish
Article number101872
JournalRedox Biology
Volume42
Number of pages22
ISSN2213-2317
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021

Keywords

  • Oxidative stress
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Nucleotide pool
  • Biomarkers
  • DNA repair
  • PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY
  • TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY
  • NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR
  • LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY
  • GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID
  • ENDOGENOUS DNA ADDUCT
  • IN-VITRO REPAIR
  • COMET ASSAY
  • HUMAN URINE
  • MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA

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