Breast milk n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood pressure: an individual participant meta-analysis

Lenie van Rossem*, Henriette A Smit, Martine Armand, Jonathan Y Bernard, Hans Bisgaard, Klaus Bønnelykke, Signe Bruun, Barbara Heude, Steffen Husby, Henriette Boye Kyhl, Kim F. Michaelsen, Ken D Stark, Carel Thijs, Rebecca Kofod Vinding, Alet H Wijga, Lotte Lauritzen

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Purpose: It is controversial whether a higher intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA) through breastfeeding is associated or not to a lower blood pressure (BP) during childhood. We aimed to clarify this point by undertaking a meta-analysis involving the data from seven European birth cohorts.

Methods: We searched https://www.birthcohort.net for studies that had collected breast milk samples, and had at least one BP measurement in childhood. Principal investigators were contacted, and all agreed to share data. One additional study was identified by contacts with the principal investigators. For each cohort, we analyzed the association of breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs with systolic and diastolic BP with linear mixed effects models or linear regression, and pooled the estimates with a random effects model. We also investigated age-specific and sex-specific associations.

Results: A total of 2188 participants from 7 cohorts were included. Overall, no associations between breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs and BP were observed. In the pooled analysis, each 0.1 wt% increment in breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was associated with a 1.19 (95% CI - 3.31, 0.94) mmHg lower systolic BP. Associations were similar for boys and girls and at different ages.

Conclusion: In this individual participant meta-analysis, we found no evidence for an association between breast milk n-3 LC PUFAs and BP.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Journal of Nutrition
Volume60
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)989-998
Number of pages10
ISSN1436-6207
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021

Keywords

  • Faculty of Science
  • Breastfeeding
  • Blood pressure
  • Fatty acids
  • Children

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