C2230, a preferential use- and state-dependent CaV2.2 channel blocker, mitigates pain behaviors across multiple pain models

Cheng Tang, Kimberly Gomez, Yan Chen, Heather N. Allen, Sara Hestehave, Erick J. Rodríguez-palma, Santiago Loya-lopez, Aida Calderon-rivera, Paz Duran, Tyler S. Nelson, Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri, Bijal Shah, Nihar R. Panigrahi, Samantha Perez-miller, Morgan K. Schackmuth, Shivani Ruparel, Amol Patwardhan, Theodore J. Price, Paramjit S. Arora, Ravindra K. SharmaAbhisheak Sharma, Jie Yu, Olga A. Korczeniewska, Rajesh Khanna

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

Abstract

Antagonists (e.g., Ziconotide, Gabapentin) of the CaV2.2 (N-type) calcium channels are used clinically as analgesics for chronic pain. However, their use is limited by narrow therapeutic windows, difficult dosing routes (Ziconotide), misuse and overdoses (Gabapentin), as well as a litany of adverse effects. Expansion of novel pain therapeutics may emerge from mechanism-based interrogation of CaV2.2. Here we report the identification of C2230, an aryloxy-hydroxypropylamine, as a CaV2.2 blocker. C2230 trapped and stabilized inactivated CaV2.2 in a slow-recovering state and accelerated the open-state inactivation of the channel, conferring an advantageous use-dependent inhibition profile. C2230 inhibited CaV2.2 during high-frequency stimulation, while sparing other voltage-gated ion channels. C2230 inhibited CaV2.2 in dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia neurons from rats, marmosets, and humans in a G-protein-coupled receptor-independent manner. Further, C2230 reduced evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents and excitatory neurotransmitter release in the spinal cord, leading to relief of neuropathic, orofacial, and osteoarthritic pain-like behaviors via three different routes of administration. C2230 also decreased fiber photometry-based calcium responses in the parabrachial nucleus, mitigated aversive behavioral responses to mechanical stimuli after neuropathic injury, and preserved protective pain responses, all without affecting motor or cardiovascular function. Finally, site-directed mutation analysis demonstrated that C2230 binds differently than other known CaV2.2 blockers, making it a promising lead compound for analgesic development.
Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation
ISSN0021-9738
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 2024

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