Cardiovascular diseases after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant for lymphoma: A Danish population-based study

Joachim Baech*, Simon Husby, Trine Trab, Kristian Kragholm, Peter Brown, Jette S. Gørløv, Judit M. Jørgensen, Sif Gudbrandsdottir, Marianne Tang Severinsen, Kirsten Grønbæk, Thomas Stauffer Larsen, Tove Wästerlid, Sandra Eloranta, Knut B. Smeland, Lasse Hjort Jakobsen, Tarec C. El-Galaly

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases, especially congestive heart failure (CHF), are known complications of anthracyclines, but the risk for patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT-ASCT) is not well established. With T-cell therapies emerging as alternatives, studies of long-term complications after HDT-ASCT are warranted. Danish patients treated with HDT-ASCT for aggressive lymphoma between 2001 and 2017 were matched 1:5 on sex, birth year and Charlson comorbidity score to the general population. Events were captured using nationwide registers. A total of 787 patients treated with HDT-ASCT were identified. Median follow-up was 7.6 years. The risk of CHF was significantly increased in the HDT-ASCT population compared to matched comparators with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 5.5 (3.8–8.1). The 10-year cumulative incidence of CHF was 8.0% versus 2.0% (p < 0.001). Male sex, ≥2 lines of therapy, hypertension and cumulative anthracycline dose (≥300 mg/m2) were risk factors for CHF. In a separate cohort of 4089 lymphoma patients, HDT-ASCT was also significantly associated with increased risk of CHF (adjusted HR of 2.6 [1.8–3.8]) when analysed as a time-dependent exposure. HDT-ASCT also increased the risk of other cardiac diseases. These findings are applicable for the benefit/risk assessment of HDT-ASCT versus novel therapies.

Original languageEnglish
JournalBritish Journal of Haematology
Volume204
Issue number3
Pages (from-to)967-975
ISSN0007-1048
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. British Journal of Haematology published by British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords

  • cardiology
  • cytotoxicity
  • epidemiology
  • high-dose therapy
  • lymphoma

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