Characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine response and durability in an older population with significant comorbidity: the Danish Nationwide ENFORCE Study

Ole Schmeltz Søgaard; Joanne Reekie; Isik Somuncu Johansen; Henrik Nielsen; Thomas Benfield; Lothar Wiese; Nina Breinholt Stærke; Kasper Iversen; Kamille Fogh; Jacob Bodilsen; Mette Iversen; Lene Surland Knudsen; Vibeke Klastrup; Fredrikke Dam Larsen; Sidsel Dahl Andersen; Astrid Korning Hvidt; Signe Rode Andreasen; Lone Wulff Madsen; Susan Olaf Lindvig; Anne Øvrehus; Sisse Rye Ostrowski; Christiane Abildgaard; Charlotte Matthews; Tomas O. Jensen; Dorthe Raben; Christian Erikstrup; Thea K. Fischer; Martin Tolstrup; Lars Østergaard; Jens Lundgren; ENFORCE Writing Group

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003

Characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine response and durability in an older population with significant comorbidity: the Danish Nationwide ENFORCE Study

Ole Schmeltz Søgaard^*, Joanne Reekie, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Henrik Nielsen, Thomas Benfield, Lothar Wiese, Nina Breinholt Stærke, Kasper Iversen, Kamille Fogh, Jacob Bodilsen, Mette Iversen, Lene Surland Knudsen, Vibeke Klastrup, Fredrikke Dam Larsen, Sidsel Dahl Andersen, Astrid Korning Hvidt, Signe Rode Andreasen, Lone Wulff Madsen, Susan Olaf Lindvig, Anne ØvrehusSisse Rye Ostrowski, Christiane Abildgaard, Charlotte Matthews, Tomas O. Jensen, Dorthe Raben, Christian Erikstrup, Thea K. Fischer, Martin Tolstrup, Lars Østergaard, Jens Lundgren, ENFORCE Writing Group

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Objectives: To identify individual characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine responsiveness and the durability of vaccine-induced antibodies. Methods: Adults without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Danish population scheduled for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were enrolled in this parallel group, phase 4 study. SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies were measured at days 0, 21, 90, and 180. Vaccine responsiveness was categorized according to Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking levels at day 90 after first vaccination. Nondurable vaccine response was defined as day-90 responders who no longer had significant responses by day 180. Results: Of 6544 participants completing two vaccine doses (median age 64 years; interquartile range: 54–75), 3654 (55.8%) received BTN162b2, 2472 (37.8%) mRNA-1273, and 418 (6.4%) ChAdOx1 followed by an mRNA vaccine. Levels of both types of antibodies increased from baseline to day 90 and then decreased to day 180. The decrease was more pronounced for levels of Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies than for Spike IgG. Proportions with vaccine hyporesponsiveness and lack of durable response were 5.0% and 12.1% for Spike IgG and 12.7% and 39.6% for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibody levels, respectively. Male sex, vaccine type, and number of comorbidities were associated with all four outcomes. Additionally, age ≥75 years was associated with hyporesponsiveness for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies (adjusted odds ratio: 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.25–2.01) but not for Spike IgG. Discussion: Comorbidity, male sex, and vaccine type were risk factors for hyporesponsiveness and nondurable response to COVID-19 vaccination. The functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies declined with increasing age and had waned to pre-second-vaccination levels for most individuals after 6 months.

Original language	English
Journal	Clinical Microbiology and Infection
Volume	28
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	1126-1133
Number of pages	8
ISSN	1198-743X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003
Publication status	Published - 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)

Keywords

Antibody
COVID-19
Immunity
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination

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Søgaard, O. S., Reekie, J., Johansen, I. S., Nielsen, H., Benfield, T., Wiese, L., Stærke, N. B., Iversen, K., Fogh, K., Bodilsen, J., Iversen, M., Knudsen, L. S., Klastrup, V., Larsen, F. D., Andersen, S. D., Hvidt, A. K., Andreasen, S. R., Madsen, L. W., Lindvig, S. O., ... ENFORCE Writing Group (2022). Characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine response and durability in an older population with significant comorbidity: the Danish Nationwide ENFORCE Study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28(4), 1126-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003

Characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine response and durability in an older population with significant comorbidity : the Danish Nationwide ENFORCE Study. / Søgaard, Ole Schmeltz; Reekie, Joanne; Johansen, Isik Somuncu; Nielsen, Henrik; Benfield, Thomas; Wiese, Lothar; Stærke, Nina Breinholt; Iversen, Kasper; Fogh, Kamille; Bodilsen, Jacob; Iversen, Mette; Knudsen, Lene Surland; Klastrup, Vibeke; Larsen, Fredrikke Dam; Andersen, Sidsel Dahl; Hvidt, Astrid Korning; Andreasen, Signe Rode; Madsen, Lone Wulff; Lindvig, Susan Olaf; Øvrehus, Anne; Ostrowski, Sisse Rye; Abildgaard, Christiane; Matthews, Charlotte; Jensen, Tomas O.; Raben, Dorthe; Erikstrup, Christian; Fischer, Thea K.; Tolstrup, Martin; Østergaard, Lars; Lundgren, Jens; ENFORCE Writing Group.

In: Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2022, p. 1126-1133.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Søgaard, OS, Reekie, J, Johansen, IS, Nielsen, H, Benfield, T, Wiese, L, Stærke, NB, Iversen, K, Fogh, K, Bodilsen, J, Iversen, M, Knudsen, LS, Klastrup, V, Larsen, FD, Andersen, SD, Hvidt, AK, Andreasen, SR, Madsen, LW, Lindvig, SO, Øvrehus, A, Ostrowski, SR, Abildgaard, C, Matthews, C, Jensen, TO, Raben, D, Erikstrup, C, Fischer, TK, Tolstrup, M, Østergaard, L, Lundgren, J & ENFORCE Writing Group 2022, 'Characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine response and durability in an older population with significant comorbidity: the Danish Nationwide ENFORCE Study', Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1126-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003

Søgaard, Ole Schmeltz ; Reekie, Joanne ; Johansen, Isik Somuncu ; Nielsen, Henrik ; Benfield, Thomas ; Wiese, Lothar ; Stærke, Nina Breinholt ; Iversen, Kasper ; Fogh, Kamille ; Bodilsen, Jacob ; Iversen, Mette ; Knudsen, Lene Surland ; Klastrup, Vibeke ; Larsen, Fredrikke Dam ; Andersen, Sidsel Dahl ; Hvidt, Astrid Korning ; Andreasen, Signe Rode ; Madsen, Lone Wulff ; Lindvig, Susan Olaf ; Øvrehus, Anne ; Ostrowski, Sisse Rye ; Abildgaard, Christiane ; Matthews, Charlotte ; Jensen, Tomas O. ; Raben, Dorthe ; Erikstrup, Christian ; Fischer, Thea K. ; Tolstrup, Martin ; Østergaard, Lars ; Lundgren, Jens ; ENFORCE Writing Group. / Characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine response and durability in an older population with significant comorbidity : the Danish Nationwide ENFORCE Study. In: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2022 ; Vol. 28, No. 4. pp. 1126-1133.

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abstract = "Objectives: To identify individual characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine responsiveness and the durability of vaccine-induced antibodies. Methods: Adults without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Danish population scheduled for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were enrolled in this parallel group, phase 4 study. SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies were measured at days 0, 21, 90, and 180. Vaccine responsiveness was categorized according to Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking levels at day 90 after first vaccination. Nondurable vaccine response was defined as day-90 responders who no longer had significant responses by day 180. Results: Of 6544 participants completing two vaccine doses (median age 64 years; interquartile range: 54–75), 3654 (55.8%) received BTN162b2, 2472 (37.8%) mRNA-1273, and 418 (6.4%) ChAdOx1 followed by an mRNA vaccine. Levels of both types of antibodies increased from baseline to day 90 and then decreased to day 180. The decrease was more pronounced for levels of Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies than for Spike IgG. Proportions with vaccine hyporesponsiveness and lack of durable response were 5.0% and 12.1% for Spike IgG and 12.7% and 39.6% for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibody levels, respectively. Male sex, vaccine type, and number of comorbidities were associated with all four outcomes. Additionally, age ≥75 years was associated with hyporesponsiveness for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies (adjusted odds ratio: 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.25–2.01) but not for Spike IgG. Discussion: Comorbidity, male sex, and vaccine type were risk factors for hyporesponsiveness and nondurable response to COVID-19 vaccination. The functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies declined with increasing age and had waned to pre-second-vaccination levels for most individuals after 6 months.",

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author = "S{\o}gaard, {Ole Schmeltz} and Joanne Reekie and Johansen, {Isik Somuncu} and Henrik Nielsen and Thomas Benfield and Lothar Wiese and St{\ae}rke, {Nina Breinholt} and Kasper Iversen and Kamille Fogh and Jacob Bodilsen and Mette Iversen and Knudsen, {Lene Surland} and Vibeke Klastrup and Larsen, {Fredrikke Dam} and Andersen, {Sidsel Dahl} and Hvidt, {Astrid Korning} and Andreasen, {Signe Rode} and Madsen, {Lone Wulff} and Lindvig, {Susan Olaf} and Anne {\O}vrehus and Ostrowski, {Sisse Rye} and Christiane Abildgaard and Charlotte Matthews and Jensen, {Tomas O.} and Dorthe Raben and Christian Erikstrup and Fischer, {Thea K.} and Martin Tolstrup and Lars {\O}stergaard and Jens Lundgren and {ENFORCE Writing Group}",

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year = "2022",

doi = "10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003",

language = "English",

volume = "28",

pages = "1126--1133",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine response and durability in an older population with significant comorbidity

T2 - the Danish Nationwide ENFORCE Study

AU - Søgaard, Ole Schmeltz

AU - Reekie, Joanne

AU - Johansen, Isik Somuncu

AU - Nielsen, Henrik

AU - Benfield, Thomas

AU - Wiese, Lothar

AU - Stærke, Nina Breinholt

AU - Iversen, Kasper

AU - Fogh, Kamille

AU - Bodilsen, Jacob

AU - Iversen, Mette

AU - Knudsen, Lene Surland

AU - Klastrup, Vibeke

AU - Larsen, Fredrikke Dam

AU - Andersen, Sidsel Dahl

AU - Hvidt, Astrid Korning

AU - Andreasen, Signe Rode

AU - Madsen, Lone Wulff

AU - Lindvig, Susan Olaf

AU - Øvrehus, Anne

AU - Ostrowski, Sisse Rye

AU - Abildgaard, Christiane

AU - Matthews, Charlotte

AU - Jensen, Tomas O.

AU - Raben, Dorthe

AU - Erikstrup, Christian

AU - Fischer, Thea K.

AU - Tolstrup, Martin

AU - Østergaard, Lars

AU - Lundgren, Jens

AU - ENFORCE Writing Group

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Objectives: To identify individual characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine responsiveness and the durability of vaccine-induced antibodies. Methods: Adults without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Danish population scheduled for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were enrolled in this parallel group, phase 4 study. SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies were measured at days 0, 21, 90, and 180. Vaccine responsiveness was categorized according to Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking levels at day 90 after first vaccination. Nondurable vaccine response was defined as day-90 responders who no longer had significant responses by day 180. Results: Of 6544 participants completing two vaccine doses (median age 64 years; interquartile range: 54–75), 3654 (55.8%) received BTN162b2, 2472 (37.8%) mRNA-1273, and 418 (6.4%) ChAdOx1 followed by an mRNA vaccine. Levels of both types of antibodies increased from baseline to day 90 and then decreased to day 180. The decrease was more pronounced for levels of Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies than for Spike IgG. Proportions with vaccine hyporesponsiveness and lack of durable response were 5.0% and 12.1% for Spike IgG and 12.7% and 39.6% for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibody levels, respectively. Male sex, vaccine type, and number of comorbidities were associated with all four outcomes. Additionally, age ≥75 years was associated with hyporesponsiveness for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies (adjusted odds ratio: 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.25–2.01) but not for Spike IgG. Discussion: Comorbidity, male sex, and vaccine type were risk factors for hyporesponsiveness and nondurable response to COVID-19 vaccination. The functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies declined with increasing age and had waned to pre-second-vaccination levels for most individuals after 6 months.

AB - Objectives: To identify individual characteristics associated with serological COVID-19 vaccine responsiveness and the durability of vaccine-induced antibodies. Methods: Adults without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the Danish population scheduled for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were enrolled in this parallel group, phase 4 study. SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies were measured at days 0, 21, 90, and 180. Vaccine responsiveness was categorized according to Spike IgG and Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking levels at day 90 after first vaccination. Nondurable vaccine response was defined as day-90 responders who no longer had significant responses by day 180. Results: Of 6544 participants completing two vaccine doses (median age 64 years; interquartile range: 54–75), 3654 (55.8%) received BTN162b2, 2472 (37.8%) mRNA-1273, and 418 (6.4%) ChAdOx1 followed by an mRNA vaccine. Levels of both types of antibodies increased from baseline to day 90 and then decreased to day 180. The decrease was more pronounced for levels of Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies than for Spike IgG. Proportions with vaccine hyporesponsiveness and lack of durable response were 5.0% and 12.1% for Spike IgG and 12.7% and 39.6% for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibody levels, respectively. Male sex, vaccine type, and number of comorbidities were associated with all four outcomes. Additionally, age ≥75 years was associated with hyporesponsiveness for Spike-ACE2-receptor-blocking antibodies (adjusted odds ratio: 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.25–2.01) but not for Spike IgG. Discussion: Comorbidity, male sex, and vaccine type were risk factors for hyporesponsiveness and nondurable response to COVID-19 vaccination. The functional activity of vaccine-induced antibodies declined with increasing age and had waned to pre-second-vaccination levels for most individuals after 6 months.

KW - Antibody

KW - COVID-19

KW - Immunity

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - Vaccination

U2 - 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003

DO - 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.003

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35283313

AN - SCOPUS:85127561603

VL - 28

SP - 1126

EP - 1133

JO - Clinical Microbiology and Infection

JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection

SN - 1198-743X

IS - 4

ER -