Cognitive impairment and psychopathology in sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: Results from the REVIVAL cohort study

Aim: To investigate cognitive impairment and psychopathology in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors using a screening procedure during hospitalisation and examine the evolution of these parameters at three-month follow-up. Methods: This multicentre cohort study screened for cognitive impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), for symptoms of anxiety, depression and traumatic distress using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Event Scale–revised (IES-R) during hospitalisation. At three-month follow-up, we evaluated cognitive impairment with a neuropsychological test battery and symptoms of psychopathology were re-assessed using HADS and IES-R. Logistic regression models were applied to examine associations between screening results and outcomes. Results: This study included 297 OHCA survivors. During hospitalisation, 65% presented with cognitive impairment, 25% reported symptoms of anxiety, 20% symptoms of depression and 21% symptoms of traumatic distress. At follow-up, 53% reported cognitive impairment, 17% symptoms of anxiety, 15% symptoms of depression and 19% symptoms of traumatic distress. Cognitive impairment during hospitalisation was associated with higher odds (OR (95% CI) 2.55 (1.36–4.75), p = .02) of an unfavorable cognitive outcome at follow-up, and symptoms of psychopathology during hospitalisation were associated with higher odds of psychopathology at follow-up across all three symptom groups; anxiety (6.70 (2.40–18.72), p < .001), depression (4.69 (1.69–13.02), p < .001) and traumatic distress (7.07 (2.67–18.73), p < .001). Conclusion: OHCA survivors exhibited both cognitive impairment and symptoms of psychopathology during hospitalisation comparable to previous studies, which were associated with unfavorable mental health outcomes at three-month follow-up.