Depleted skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA, hyperlactatemia, and decreased oxidative capacity in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Steen B Haugaard, Ove Andersen, Steen B Pedersen, Flemming Dela, Bjørn Richelsen, Jens Ole Nielsen, Sten Madsbad, Johan Iversen, Steen B Haugaard, Ove Andersen, Steen B Pedersen, Flemming Dela, Bjørn Richelsen, Jens Ole Nielsen, Sten Madsbad, Johan Iversen

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Abstract

The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), especially stavudine, may deplete mitochondrial (mt) DNA in human tissues by inhibiting the mitochondrial polymerase gamma, a setting, which is associated with hyperlactatemia. The aim of the present study was to examine whether hyperlactatemia is associated with depletion of skeletal muscle (sm)-mtDNA and decreased oxidative capacity in HIV-infected patients on NRTI based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and whether HIV infection itself is associated with sm-mtDNA depletion. Sm-mtDNA was determined in 42 HIV-infected patients (35 patients on HAART including at least one NRTI (HIV-NRTI) and 7 patients never treated with antiretroviral drugs (NAIVE)) and 14 healthy controls. Whole body oxidative capacity (DeltaGOX) was estimated in HIV-infected patients by indirect calorimetry. Hyperlactatemia (>or=2.0 mM) was detected in six HIV-NRTI, who all used Stavudine (P < 0.01), displayed depleted sm-mtDNA (P < 0.02) and decreased DeltaGOX (P < 0.01) compared with normolactatemic HIV-NRTI (n = 29). NAIVE displayed decreased sm-mtDNA (P < 0.05), increased HIV-RNA (P < 0.01) and increased plasma TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) compared to all HIV-NRTI (n = 35), in turn displaying decreased sm-mtDNA (P < 0.01) compared to healthy controls. Thus, hyperlactatemia in HIV-NRTI may be associated with pronounced depletion of sm-mtDNA, decreased oxidative capacity and current stavudine therapy. Further, HIV may deplete sm-mtDNA of NAIVE, which in part could be mediated through an enhanced pro-inflammatory response.
Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Medical Virology
Volume77
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)29-38
Number of pages9
ISSN0146-6615
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2005

Bibliographical note

Keywords: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; DNA, Mitochondrial; Gene Deletion; HIV Infections; Humans; Lactic Acid; Middle Aged; Mitochondrial Diseases; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction

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