TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary Protein Restriction Improves Metabolic Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized, Controlled Trial
AU - Ferraz-Bannitz, Rafael
AU - Beraldo, Rebeca A.
AU - Peluso, Augusto
AU - Dall, Morten
AU - Babaei, Parizad
AU - Foglietti, Rayana Cardoso
AU - Martins, Larissa Marfori
AU - Gomes, Patricia Moreira
AU - Marchini, Julio Sergio
AU - Miguel Suen, Vivian Marques
AU - Conti de Freitas, Luiz C.
AU - Navegantes, Luiz Carlos
AU - Pretti, Marco Antônio M.
AU - Boroni, Mariana
AU - Treebak, Jonas T.
AU - Mori, Marcelo A.
AU - Foss, Milton Cesar
AU - Foss-Freitas, Maria Cristina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Dietary restriction (DR) reduces adiposity and improves metabolism in patients with one or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Nonetheless, it remains elusive whether the benefits of DR in humans are mediated by calorie or nutrient restriction. This study was conducted to determine whether isocaloric dietary protein restriction is sufficient to confer the beneficial effects of dietary restriction in patients with metabolic syndrome. We performed a prospective, randomized controlled dietary intervention under constant nutritional and medical supervision. Twenty-one individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned for caloric restriction (CR; n = 11, diet of 5941 686 KJ per day) or isocaloric dietary protein restriction (PR; n = 10, diet of 8409 2360 KJ per day) and followed for 27 days. Like CR, PR promoted weight loss due to a reduction in adiposity, which was associated with reductions in blood glucose, lipid levels, and blood pressure. More strikingly, both CR and PR improved insulin sensitivity by 62.3% and 93.2%, respectively, after treatment. Fecal microbiome diversity was not affected by the interventions. Adipose tissue bulk RNA-Seq data revealed minor changes elicited by the interventions. After PR, terms related to leukocyte proliferation were enriched among the upregulated genes. Protein restriction is sufficient to confer almost the same clinical outcomes as calorie restriction without the need for a reduction in calorie intake. The isocaloric characteristic of the PR intervention makes this approach a more attractive and less drastic dietary strategy in clinical settings and has more significant potential to be used as adjuvant therapy for people with metabolic syndrome.
AB - Dietary restriction (DR) reduces adiposity and improves metabolism in patients with one or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Nonetheless, it remains elusive whether the benefits of DR in humans are mediated by calorie or nutrient restriction. This study was conducted to determine whether isocaloric dietary protein restriction is sufficient to confer the beneficial effects of dietary restriction in patients with metabolic syndrome. We performed a prospective, randomized controlled dietary intervention under constant nutritional and medical supervision. Twenty-one individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned for caloric restriction (CR; n = 11, diet of 5941 686 KJ per day) or isocaloric dietary protein restriction (PR; n = 10, diet of 8409 2360 KJ per day) and followed for 27 days. Like CR, PR promoted weight loss due to a reduction in adiposity, which was associated with reductions in blood glucose, lipid levels, and blood pressure. More strikingly, both CR and PR improved insulin sensitivity by 62.3% and 93.2%, respectively, after treatment. Fecal microbiome diversity was not affected by the interventions. Adipose tissue bulk RNA-Seq data revealed minor changes elicited by the interventions. After PR, terms related to leukocyte proliferation were enriched among the upregulated genes. Protein restriction is sufficient to confer almost the same clinical outcomes as calorie restriction without the need for a reduction in calorie intake. The isocaloric characteristic of the PR intervention makes this approach a more attractive and less drastic dietary strategy in clinical settings and has more significant potential to be used as adjuvant therapy for people with metabolic syndrome.
KW - caloric restriction
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - insulin resistance
KW - metabolic syndrome
KW - protein restriction
KW - type 2 diabetes
U2 - 10.3390/nu14132670
DO - 10.3390/nu14132670
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35807851
AN - SCOPUS:85133710781
VL - 14
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
SN - 2072-6643
IS - 13
M1 - 2670
ER -