Discovery of dmisteinbergite (hexagonal CaAl₂Si₂O₈) in the Allende meteorite: a new member of refractory silicates formed in the solar nebula

Dmisteinbergite, CaAlSiO with P63/mcm structure, was identified in a rounded coarse-grained igneous Type B2 Ca-,Al-rich inclusion (CAI) STP-1 from the Allende CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. STP-1 belongs to a very rare type of refractory inclusions, Fractionation and Unknown Nuclear effects (FUN) CAIs, which experienced melt evaporation and crystallization at low total gas pressure (P <10bar) in a high-temperature (>1200 °C) region, possibly near the proto-Sun and were subsequently radially transported away from region, possibly by a disk wind. The Allende dmisteinbergite occurs as irregular single crystals (100-600 mm in size) in contact with gehlenitic melilite and Al,Ti-diopside, poikilitically enclosing euhedral spinel, and rare anorthite. It is colorless and transparent. The mean chemical composition, determined by electron microprobe analysis, is (wt%) SiO 42.6, AlO 36.9, CaO 20.2, MgO 0.05, sum 99.75, giving rise to an empirical formula of CaAl SiO. Its electron backscatter diffraction patterns are a good match to that of synthetic CaAl SiO with the P6/mcm structure and the unit cell a = 5.10 Å, c = 14.72 Å, and Z = 2. Dmisteinbergite could have crystallized from a silicate melt at high temperature (∼1200-1400 °C) via rapid cooling. Dmisteinbergite in Allende, the first find in a meteorite, is a new member of refractory silicates, among the first solid materials formed in the solar nebula.