Eco-certification in aquaculture: Economic incentives and effects

In recent years, eco-certification has become an important market feature for aquaculture products, with several labels available for producers who want to signal sustainable or responsible production practices. In this study, the literature on the economic effects of eco-certification of aquaculture is reviewed to summarize the current state of knowledge and identify research gaps. The literature to date primarily focuses on Europe, the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certification scheme, and salmon products, but there are also insights into other markets and species. Consumer surveys indicate a preference for eco-labeled aquaculture products in most cases but with significant variation in the strength of the preference across markets and species. In addition, eco-labels for farmed products may decrease the preference gap often found between wild and farmed aquaculture for some species. Other factors like geographical origin influence perceived premiums more than eco-labeling. For producers, evidence of price premiums is inconclusive, suggesting non-monetary benefits like improved market access and production practices as motivators. Certification can be costly, particularly for smaller businesses and in developing countries.