Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

R. L. Smart; L. M. Sarro; J. Rybizki; C. Reyle; A. C. Robin; N. C. Hambly; U. Abbas; M. A. Barstow; J. H. J. de Bruijne; B. Bucciarelli; J. M. Carrasco; W. J. Cooper; S. T. Hodgkin; E. Masana; D. Michalik; J. Sahlmann; A. Sozzetti; A. G. A. Brown; A. Vallenari; T. Prusti; C. Babusiaux; M. Biermann; O. L. Creevey; D. W. Evans; L. Eyer; A. Hutton; F. Jansen; C. Jordi; S. A. Klioner; U. Lammers; L. Lindegren; X. Luri; F. Mignard; C. Panem; D. Pourbaix; S. Randich; P. Sartoretti; C. Soubiran; N. A. Walton; C. Fabricius; M. Smith; R. I. Anderson; E. Gerlach; M. Hauser; H. E. P. Lindstrom; D. Morris; C. Pagani; A. Siebert; C. A. Stephenson; H. Zhao; Gaia Collaboration

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039498

Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

R. L. Smart^*
, L. M. Sarro
, J. Rybizki
, C. Reyle
, A. C. Robin
, N. C. Hambly
, U. Abbas
, M. A. Barstow
, J. H. J. de Bruijne
, B. Bucciarelli
, J. M. Carrasco
, W. J. Cooper
, S. T. Hodgkin
, E. Masana
, D. Michalik
, J. Sahlmann
, A. Sozzetti
, A. G. A. Brown
, A. Vallenari
, T. Prusti

C. Babusiaux, M. Biermann, O. L. Creevey, D. W. Evans, L. Eyer, A. Hutton, F. Jansen, C. Jordi, S. A. Klioner, U. Lammers, L. Lindegren, X. Luri, F. Mignard, C. Panem, D. Pourbaix, S. Randich, P. Sartoretti, C. Soubiran, N. A. Walton, C. Fabricius, M. Smith, R. I. Anderson, E. Gerlach, M. Hauser, H. E. P. Lindstrom, D. Morris, C. Pagani, A. Siebert, C. A. Stephenson, H. Zhao, Gaia Collaboration

^*Corresponding author for this work

Astrophysics and Planetary Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use.

Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue.

Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun.

Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.

Original language	English
Article number	A6
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	649
Number of pages	44
ISSN	0004-6361
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039498
Publication status	Published - 28 Apr 2021

Funding

We thank the anonymous referee for comments and suggestions that improved this article. This work presents results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia. Gaia data are being processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC is provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia MultiLateral Agreement (MLA). The Gaia mission website is https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia.The Gaia archive website is https://archives.esac.esa.int/gaia.The Gaia mission and data processing have financially been supported by, in alphabetical order by country: the Algerian Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Geophysique of Bouzareah Observatory; the Austrian Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) Hertha Firnberg Programme through grants T359, P20046, and P23737; the BELgian federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through various PROgramme de Developpement d'Experiences scientifiques (PRODEX) grants and the Polish Academy of Sciences -Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek through grant VS.091.

Keywords

catalogs
astrometry
stars: luminosity function
mass function
Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams
stars: low-mass
solar neighborhood
DWARF LUMINOSITY-FUNCTION
CIRCULAR-VELOCITY CURVE
NORTH GALACTIC POLE
SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD
TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES
WIDE BINARIES
MAIN-SEQUENCE
BROWN DWARF
SKY-SURVEY
WHITE-DWARFS

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10.1051/0004-6361/202039498

aa39498-20Final published version, 10.1 MBLicence: CC BY-NC

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Smart, R. L., Sarro, L. M., Rybizki, J., Reyle, C., Robin, A. C., Hambly, N. C., Abbas, U., Barstow, M. A., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bucciarelli, B., Carrasco, J. M., Cooper, W. J., Hodgkin, S. T., Masana, E., Michalik, D., Sahlmann, J., Sozzetti, A., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., ... Gaia Collaboration (2021). Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 649, Article A6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039498

Smart, RL, Sarro, LM, Rybizki, J, Reyle, C, Robin, AC, Hambly, NC, Abbas, U, Barstow, MA, de Bruijne, JHJ, Bucciarelli, B, Carrasco, JM, Cooper, WJ, Hodgkin, ST, Masana, E, Michalik, D, Sahlmann, J, Sozzetti, A, Brown, AGA, Vallenari, A, Prusti, T, Babusiaux, C, Biermann, M, Creevey, OL, Evans, DW, Eyer, L, Hutton, A, Jansen, F, Jordi, C, Klioner, SA, Lammers, U, Lindegren, L, Luri, X, Mignard, F, Panem, C, Pourbaix, D, Randich, S, Sartoretti, P, Soubiran, C, Walton, NA, Fabricius, C, Smith, M, Anderson, RI, Gerlach, E, Hauser, M, Lindstrom, HEP, Morris, D, Pagani, C, Siebert, A, Stephenson, CA, Zhao, H & Gaia Collaboration 2021, 'Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 649, A6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039498

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title = "Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars",

abstract = "Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use.Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue.Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92\% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9\% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun.Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.",

keywords = "catalogs, astrometry, stars: luminosity function, mass function, Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams, stars: low-mass, solar neighborhood, DWARF LUMINOSITY-FUNCTION, CIRCULAR-VELOCITY CURVE, NORTH GALACTIC POLE, SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD, TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES, WIDE BINARIES, MAIN-SEQUENCE, BROWN DWARF, SKY-SURVEY, WHITE-DWARFS",

author = "Smart, \{R. L.\} and Sarro, \{L. M.\} and J. Rybizki and C. Reyle and Robin, \{A. C.\} and Hambly, \{N. C.\} and U. Abbas and Barstow, \{M. A.\} and \{de Bruijne\}, \{J. H. J.\} and B. Bucciarelli and Carrasco, \{J. M.\} and Cooper, \{W. J.\} and Hodgkin, \{S. T.\} and E. Masana and D. Michalik and J. Sahlmann and A. Sozzetti and Brown, \{A. G. A.\} and A. Vallenari and T. Prusti and C. Babusiaux and M. Biermann and Creevey, \{O. L.\} and Evans, \{D. W.\} and L. Eyer and A. Hutton and F. Jansen and C. Jordi and Klioner, \{S. A.\} and U. Lammers and L. Lindegren and X. Luri and F. Mignard and C. Panem and D. Pourbaix and S. Randich and P. Sartoretti and C. Soubiran and Walton, \{N. A.\} and C. Fabricius and M. Smith and Anderson, \{R. I.\} and E. Gerlach and M. Hauser and Lindstrom, \{H. E. P.\} and D. Morris and C. Pagani and A. Siebert and Stephenson, \{C. A.\} and H. Zhao and \{Gaia Collaboration\}",

year = "2021",

month = apr,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202039498",

language = "English",

volume = "649",

journal = "Astronomy \& Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Gaia Early Data Release 3 The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

AU - Smart, R. L.

AU - Sarro, L. M.

AU - Rybizki, J.

AU - Reyle, C.

AU - Robin, A. C.

AU - Hambly, N. C.

AU - Abbas, U.

AU - Barstow, M. A.

AU - de Bruijne, J. H. J.

AU - Bucciarelli, B.

AU - Carrasco, J. M.

AU - Cooper, W. J.

AU - Hodgkin, S. T.

AU - Masana, E.

AU - Michalik, D.

AU - Sahlmann, J.

AU - Sozzetti, A.

AU - Brown, A. G. A.

AU - Vallenari, A.

AU - Prusti, T.

AU - Babusiaux, C.

AU - Biermann, M.

AU - Creevey, O. L.

AU - Evans, D. W.

AU - Eyer, L.

AU - Hutton, A.

AU - Jansen, F.

AU - Jordi, C.

AU - Klioner, S. A.

AU - Lammers, U.

AU - Lindegren, L.

AU - Luri, X.

AU - Mignard, F.

AU - Panem, C.

AU - Pourbaix, D.

AU - Randich, S.

AU - Sartoretti, P.

AU - Soubiran, C.

AU - Walton, N. A.

AU - Fabricius, C.

AU - Smith, M.

AU - Anderson, R. I.

AU - Gerlach, E.

AU - Hauser, M.

AU - Lindstrom, H. E. P.

AU - Morris, D.

AU - Pagani, C.

AU - Siebert, A.

AU - Stephenson, C. A.

AU - Zhao, H.

AU - Gaia Collaboration

PY - 2021/4/28

Y1 - 2021/4/28

N2 - Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use.Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue.Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun.Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.

AB - Aims. We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100 pc of the Sun from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use.Methods. Theselection of objects within 100 pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100 pc is included in the catalogue.Results. We have produced a catalogue of 331 312 objects that we estimate contains at least 92% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100 pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100 pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of Gaia Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10 pc of the Sun.Conclusions. We provide the community with a large, well-characterised catalogue of objects in the solar neighbourhood. This is a primary benchmark for measuring and understanding fundamental parameters and descriptive functions in astronomy.

KW - catalogs

KW - astrometry

KW - stars: luminosity function

KW - mass function

KW - Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams

KW - stars: low-mass

KW - solar neighborhood

KW - DWARF LUMINOSITY-FUNCTION

KW - CIRCULAR-VELOCITY CURVE

KW - NORTH GALACTIC POLE

KW - SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD

KW - TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES

KW - WIDE BINARIES

KW - MAIN-SEQUENCE

KW - BROWN DWARF

KW - SKY-SURVEY

KW - WHITE-DWARFS

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202039498

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202039498

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 649

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

M1 - A6

ER -