Gastrointestinal Hormones and β-Cell Function After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Oseberg)

Farhat Fatima, Jøran Hjelmesæth, Kåre Inge Birkeland, Gulseth Løvdal Hanne, Jens Kristoffer Hertel, Marius Svanevik, Rune Sandbu, Milada Cvancarova Småstuen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens Juul Holst, Dag Hofsø

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) differentially affect postprandial gastrointestinal hormones and β-cell function in type 2 diabetes remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: To compare gastrointestinal hormones and β-cell function assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 5 weeks and 1 year after surgery hypothesizing higher GLP-1 levels and greater β-cell response to glucose after RYGB than after SG.

DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Randomized, triple blind, single-center trial at a tertiary care center in Norway. Primary outcomes; diabetes remission and IVGTT derived β-cell function. Participants with obesity and type 2 diabetes allocated (1:1) to RYGB or SG.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gastrointestinal hormone profiles and insulin secretion [β-cell glucose sensitivity (β-GS)] derived from 180 minutes OGTTs.

RESULTS: 106 patients (67% women), mean (SD) age 48 (10) years. Diabetes remission rates at 1-year were higher after RYGB than after SG, 77% versus 48%, p = 0.002. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC0-180) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and β-GS increased more after RYGB than after SG, 1-year between-group difference 1173 pmol/l*min (95% CI 569 to 1776), p = 0.0010, and 0.45 pmol/kg/min/mmol (95% CI 0.15 to 0.75), p = 0.0032, respectively. Post-surgery, fasting and postprandial ghrelin levels were higher and decremental AUC0-180 ghrelin, iAUC0-180 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and iAUC0-60 glucagon were greater after RYGB than after SG. Diabetes remission at 1 year was associated with higher β-GS and higher GLP-1 secretion.

CONCLUSIONS: RYGB was associated with greater improvement in β-cell function and higher postprandial GLP-1 levels than SG.

Original languageEnglish
Article numberdgab643
JournalJournal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Volume107
Issue number2
Pages (from-to)e756-e766
Number of pages11
ISSN0021-972X
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022

Bibliographical note

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].

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